MEDICINE. 
as various others of the animal frame was 
accomplished, unfortunately took hold of the 
mechanical philosophy as their guide ; and 
every function was immediately attempted 
to be explained by the laws of projectiles, 
till the system at length destroyed itself by 
the absurdity of the extent to which it was 
pushed. 
Boerhaave, at this period, led the way 
to an admirable reformation, both of prin- 
ciple and practice; and by uniting the doc- 
trines of Hippocrates with the philosophy 
of the times, framed a theory of medicine 
upon the supposition of acrimony, lentor, 
and other changes in the circulating fluids. 
Contemporary with Boerhaave were Hofi- 
man and Stahl ; both of whom deviating from 
the theory of Boerhaave, the first laid the 
foundation of the spasmodic hypothesis, by 
resolving the origin of all diseases into an 
universal atony, or an universal spasm in 
the primary moving powers of the system ; 
and the second into the action of certain 
noxious agents, controlled, however, by the 
internal existence of a rational sonl that di- 
rects the entire economy. The humoral 
pathology, nevertheless, continued to pre- 
vail, till, under the auspices of Dr. Cullen, 
the theories of Hoffman and Stahl were 
united into one common and ingenious sys- 
tem ; a system which still holds its ground, 
though it has been since controverted by 
the sensorial hypothesis of Dr. Brown and 
Dr. Darwin. 
nosology. 
scope for comparison, and as offering the 
best arrangements of diseases which have 
hitherto been presented to the world : these 
five comprehend the nosological systems of 
Cullen, Sauvage, Linnseus, Vogel, and Su- 
gar ; and we shall exhibit them in their re- 
spective classes, orders, and genera. 
Nosological Arrangement of Cullen. 
CLASS I. PYREXIjE. 
ORDER I. FEBRES. 
§ 1. Intermittentes. 
1. Tertiana 
2. Quartana 
3. Quotidiana 
$ 2. Continnm. 
4. Synocha 
5. Typhus 
6. Synochns 
ORDER 11. PHLEGMASI.E. 
7. Phlogosis 
8. Ophthalmia 
9. Phrenitis 
10. Cynanche 
11. Pneumonia 
12. Carditis 
13. Peritonitis 
14. Gastritis 
15. Enteritis 
16. Hepatitis 
17. Splenitis 
18. Nephritis 
19. Cystitis 
20. Hysteritis 
21. Rheumatismus 
22. Odontalgia 
23. Podagra 
24. Arthropuosis 
ORDER III. EXANTHEMATA. 
25. Variola 30*. Erysipelas 
26. Varicella 31. Miliaria 
27. Rubeola 32. Urticaria 
28. Scarlatina 33. Pemphigus 
29. Pestis 34. Aphtha 
In order to reduce the practice of medi- 
cine to something definite, to simplify what 
was perplexed, and to lay down certain ge- 
neral rules for a more accurate investiga- 
tion of diseases, physicians in all ages have 
attempted to arrange these last into a sys- 
tematized form ; and the works which have 
thus treated of diseases, are entitled Noso- 
logies. We cannot enter into an examina- 
tion of those which have progressively been 
offered to the world in former periods, for 
this would carry us far beyond the limits 
prescribed by a Cyclopajdia of any extent; 
yet while we are compelled to pass by the 
difi'erent arrangements of the Greeks and 
Romans, ot the Arabians, the eailier Ita- 
lians, and Germans, we cannot consent to 
relinquish a survey of those which are 
chiefly appealed to in the present day, and 
under which the art and science of medi- 
cine are generally taught in our public 
schools. We shall, for this purpose, select 
the five following, as affording a sufficient 
ORDER IV. II 
35. Epistaxis 
36. Hemoptysis 
ORDER V. 
39. Catarrhus , 
CLASS II. 
ORDER I 
41. Apoplexia 
ORDER 11. 
43. Syncope 
44. Dyspepsia 
ORDER I 
47. Tetanus 
48. Trismus 
49. Convulsio 
50. Chorea 
LEMORRHAGI.3E. 
37. Hsemorrhois 
38. Menorrhagia 
PROFLCVIA. 
40. Dysenteria 
NEUROSES. 
. COMATA. 
42. Paralysis 
ADYNAMI.E. 
45. Hypochondriasis 
46. Chlorosis 
[I. SPASMI. 
51. Raphania 
52. Epilepsia 
53. Palpitafio 
54. Asthma 
