MEDICINE. 
the middle and last atages of typhus or pu- 
trid fever, into which it becomes converted 
by a sudden and oftentimes a very unex- 
pected change. It is a common fever in 
the large manufacturing towns of this coun- 
try ; and great care is necessary, on its first 
appearance, that it he not mistaken for, and 
consequently treated as, an infl^ammatory 
attack, by venesection, and a strict debili- 
tating plan. This is the general caution on 
its commencement, or while we are in 
doubt ; in its further advance, the treatment 
must be adapted to the different symptoms 
it exhibits, as more nearly approaching to 
the nature of the synocha or typhus, and 
should be governed by the regulations al- 
ready laid down for the treatment of these 
diseases. 
Under this genus Dr. Cullen has ranged 
hectic fever ; whilst he makes phthisis, of 
which he admits it to be only a symptom, 
under a genus of another order, which he de- 
nominates haemorrhagiae. It cannot, there- 
fore, be considered as entitled to any notice 
in the present place, and we shall conse- 
quently transfer it to that to which it more 
properly belongs. 
Order II. Phlegmasice. Inflamma- 
tions. 
Topical inflammations, or phlegmasiae, 
are a very numerous assemblage of diseases : 
their chief characteristics are the general 
symptoms of fever, and a topical inflamma- 
tion, attended with the lesion of some im- 
portant function; in which, usually after 
blood-letting, the blood is found upon coa- 
gulation to be covered with a buffy coat. 
This order comprehends the following eigh- 
teen genera: — 1. Phlogosis, of which, upon 
the Cullenian system, tliere are two species; 
P. phlegmon, and P. erythema, or cutane- 
ous erysipelas. 2. Ophthalmia, inflamma- 
tion of the eyes. 3. Phrenitis, inflamma- 
tion of the brain. 4. Cynanche, the sore 
throat, or quinsy. 5. Pneumonia, inflam- 
mation of the lungs. 6. Carditis, of the 
heart. 7 . Peritonitis, of the peritonaeum. 
8. Gastritis, of the stomach. 9. Enteritis, 
of the intestinal canal. lO. Hepatitis, of 
the liver. 11. Splenitis, of the spleen. 
12. Nephritis, of the kidnies. 13. Cystitis, 
of tlie urinary bladder. 14. Hysteritis, of 
the womb. 15. Rheumatismus, rheuma- 
tism. 16. Odontalgia, inflammatory tooth- 
ach. 17. Podagra, gout. 18. Arthropuo- 
sis, inflammation of the hip. 
By far the greater number of these are 
of the same natural family, and require the 
same mode of treatment; and several w^ 
have already noticed in the article Diete- 
tics. Whatever be the organ affected, 
with the very few exceptions we shall pre- 
sently point out, the inflammation must be 
attacked with applications both general and 
topical, and powerful in proportion to the 
degree of inflammation. Venesection, ca- 
thartics of calomel, and laxative injections, 
may be safely recommended as a part of the 
general practice. Local bleeding by cup- 
ping, wherever it can be employed, and 
where it cannot, by leeches, should consti- 
tute an essential feature of the plan, and be- 
repeated according to the urgency of the 
symptoms. In most of these diseases bene- 
fit may also be obtained by frigid lotions, as 
of common spring water, ice water, vinegar ; 
while the general symptomatic fever, if 
considerable, must be attacked by the pro- 
cess of cure already laid down in the treat- 
ment of fevers, and varied according to the 
phaenoniena that arise. When the cause is 
obvious, as in many cases of ophthalmia, or 
inflammation of the intestines, we should 
be indefatigable till it be removed, since 
without the accomplishment of this point 
every thing else must be of no avail. These 
are general hints. Several of the diseases,' 
however, arranged under this order are con- 
nected artificially alone, and not naturally, 
and require a distinct treatment. We shall 
briefly notice a few of them. 
Erythema. As in this aifection, notwith- 
standing the inflammatory appearance, 
there is frequently a considerable degree 
of debility, we must not push the antiphlo- 
gistic measures too far, particularly in debi- 
litated habits, and in those advanced in life, 
for fear of inducing gangrene, but rathei* 
trust to wine, bark, combined with snake- 
root or camphor, and the sulphuric acid, to- 
gether with localapplications. Should there, 
notwithstanding all our efibrts, be a ten- 
dency to gangrene, we should stimulate iu a 
still higher degree ; on the other hand, should 
there be any considerable danger of excite- 
ment, which, however, is rarely the case, 
accompanied with a hard, full, and strong 
pulse, blood-letting, repeated according to 
the violence of the symptoms, and effects 
produced will be necessary ; at the same 
time, it will be advisable to employ gentle 
cathartics : but the bark will usually be 
found the most efficacious remedy in every 
stage of this disease. 
Cynanche, Quinsy. Of this genus the Cul- 
lenian system makes five species. 1. C. 
tonsilaris, common inflammatory sore throat, 
