MEDICINE. 
vater-brash; a burning pain in the epigastri- 
nni, with plenty of aqueous humour, for the 
most part insipid, but sometimes acrid, 
belched up. 12. Colica, colic, pain of the 
belly, especially twisting round the navel, 
vomiting, constipation. Numerous species, 
varying according to the nature of the re- 
mote cause, and hence proceeding, a, from 
metallic poisons ; b, from acids taken in- 
wardly ; c, from cold ; d, from a contusion 
of the back; e, from costive habit; /, from 
retained meconium. 13. Cholera, Iliac 
passion ; a vomiting of bilious matter, and 
frequent excretion of it by stool ; anxiety, 
gripes, spasms in tlie calves of the legs. 
Two species, the one arising in a warm sea- 
son without any manifest cause ; the other 
from aerid matters taken inwardly, 14. Di- 
arrhoea, looseness, frequent stools ; the dis- 
ease not infectious; no primary pyrexy. 
The species are, crapulous, or fi om excess 
of eqting ; bilious ; mucous ; ca>liac, dis- 
charging a chyle like secretion ; lienteric, 
in which the aliments are discharged with 
little or no change ; atrabiliary. Of these 
several have been already noticed in the 
article Dietetics. 16. Diabetes, a chro- 
nical profusion of urine, for the most part 
preternatural, and in imraodeiate quantity. 
Two species, D. mellitus, with urine of the 
smell, colour and taste of honey; D. insipi- 
dus, limpid, but not sweet urine. 1 6. Hy- 
steria, hysterics, rumbling of the bowels, a 
.sensation as of a globe turning itself in the 
belly, ascending to the stomach and fauces, 
and then threatening suffocation ; sleep ; 
convrdsions ; a large flow of limpid urine ; 
the mind involuntarily mutable and fickle. 
Almost all the varieties of this disease pro- 
ceed from irregularity in the female sexual 
organs, and will be found described under 
the article Midwifery. 17. Hydrophobia, 
a dislike and horror at any kind of drink, as 
occasioning a convulsion of the pharynx, 
induced for the most part by the bite of a 
mad animal. The species are, rabid hydro- 
phobia, from the bite of a mad animal, the 
desire to bite being propagated; and sim- 
ple hydrophobia, without madness, or any 
desire of biting. This genus is equally 
misnamed, misplaced, and misdescribed. 
We can only offer a few observations 
upon such of this family of diseases as are 
of most importance from their danger o.r 
frequency of appearance. 
Tetanus, trismus, Locked-jaw. The two 
species denominated by tliese names, are 
in reality the same disease, varying only in 
extent. Tetanus sometimes comes on sud- 
denly, more generally, however, a sense of 
stiffness, or slight twitchings, are first per- 
ceived in the neck, these gradually increas- 
ing, the motion of the head becomes diffi- 
cult and painful ; as the rigidity of the neck 
becomes more con.siderable, a sense of 
uneasiness is felt about the root of the 
tongue, which, by degrees, produces a difli- 
culty, or inability of swallowing; there is 
violent pain under the ensiform cartilage, 
which shoots to the back ; when this pain 
arises, the muscles, particularly of the back 
part of the neck, are immediately affected 
with spasm, pulling the head strongly back- 
wards, at the same time the muscles of the 
lower jaw become rigidly contracted, so 
that the teeth are firmly closed together ; 
as the disease advances, the muscles of the 
whole spine are affected, and draw the 
body backwards, producing opisthotonos ; 
at other times the muscles of the fore part 
of the body are affected, and emprosthoto- 
nos is the consequence; and when the 
antagonist muscles of the whole body are 
so contracted, that the ))atient can bend 
himself in no direction, but remains as stiff 
as the trunk of a tree, the disease is called 
tetanus, which is, however, not so common 
a form of it, as the one we are now 
giving a description of ; the abdominal 
muscles become violently affected with 
spasm, so that the belly is strongly re- 
tracted ; at length the whole of the mus- 
cles of the head, trunk, and extremities, 
become strongly affected, and the body is 
rigidly extended, as above described ; the 
tongue is often partially attacked with 
spasm, and is often thrust out violently be- 
tween the teeth ; at the height of the dis- 
ease, every organ of voluntary motion suf- 
fers, in a greater or less degree, and in 
particular the muscles of the face; the 
forehead is drawn up into furrows, the eyes 
are hollow, distorted, rigid, and immove- 
able, the nose is drawn upwards, and the 
cheeks are drawn backwards towards the 
ears, so that the whole countenance ex- 
presses a most ghastly appearance, and in 
this state, violent convulsions supervene, 
and put an end to life. The spasms are 
attended with violent pain, and generally 
last for a minute or tw'o, and as the disease 
advances, they are often renewed every 
quarter of an hour, and sometimes termi- 
Date in general convulsions ; there is seldom 
any fever, but when the spasms are vio- 
lent, the pulse is contracted, hurried, and 
irregular, and the respiration is alike affect- 
ed, and there is sometimes an interruption 
