MEmClNE. 
accompanied with pyrexy, and only attack- 
ing a man once during life. 7. Trichoma, 
bleeding hair, a contagious disease ; the 
liairs thicker than usual, and twisted into 
inextricable knots and cords. It is almost 
confined to certain parts of the north of 
Europe ; and rarely extends out of Poland. 
8. Icterus, jaundice ; yellowness of the skin 
and eyes ; white feces ; urine of a dark red, 
tinging what is put into it of a clay colour. 
Five species; calculous, spasmodic (after 
Spasmodic diseases of the mind) ; hepatic, 
from pregnancy ; and infantile, attacking in- 
fants a few days after birtli ; for which last 
see the article Infancy. 
Scrophula. The symptoms are known 
too generally. The most efficacious reme- 
dies which can be employed are, sea bath- 
ing, and the internal use of salt water, a 
change to a warm climate, and a nourishing 
diet. A trial of the chalybeate and sulphu- 
reous waters should be recommended ; tlie 
digitalis and a solution of muriate of barytes 
have often been administered with evident 
advantage ; the latter appears to be a me- 
dicine well calculated to correct the scro- 
fulous diatliesis ; bark, combined with car- 
bonate of soda, is strongly recommended ; 
the preparations of iron should be ordered, 
and a small quantity of rhubarb should be 
joined with them; a grain or more of 
opium, twice a day, is sometimes of ser- 
vice : hemlock is getting into disuse, per- 
haps undeservedly. 
The external remedies most suitable for 
scrophulous tumours and ulcers are sea 
water poultices, and bruised sea-tang ; the 
leaves of wood-sorrel (oxalis acetosella) 
bruised, are strongly recommended, and 
appear to have been employed with advan- 
tage; linen rags, kept constantly moistened 
with a solution of the sugar of lead, or of 
muriated mercury, should be applied to tlie 
parts affected ; a small quantity of a pow- 
der composed of seven parts of bark, with 
one part of white oxide of lead, is recom- 
mended to be applied to scrofulous ulcers, 
by means of lint and a bandage, and renew- 
ed daily ; or they may be sprinkled with 
carbonate, or oxide of zinc ; it will be pro- 
per always to apply moderate pressure upon 
the parts, which will tend to heal the 
ulcers ; oxygen gas has been employed with 
evident advantage ; electricity might per- 
haps produce good effects, if had recourse 
to at the commencement of the disease ; 
the solution of muriate of lime is strongly 
recommended, and it is certainly deserving 
of a full and fair trial ; the dose should be 
gradually increased, and when qualms and 
sickness are produced, we may consider 
these as signs of an over-dose ; it is also 
proper to observe, that it is sometimes ne- 
cessary to employ gentle laxatives under 
its use, as it is apt to induce costiveness. 
Scorbutus. Soreness of the gums, witli a 
spongy swelling, and bleeding upon the 
least touch ; the face lurid, bloated ; ancles 
oedematous ; lassitude and depression of 
spirits ; pains in the limbs and thorax ; the 
hands contracted and rigid ; the debility 
increasing, so that at length a simple at- 
tempt to acquire an erect position is pro- 
ductive of syncope, or even death; the 
appetite for food is generally unimpaired ; 
in every stage of the disease the skin be- 
comes dry and rough, and the urine is 
scanty and high coloured ; vibices appear 
in different parts of the body, and there are 
small specks, generally of a purple colour, 
very little raised above the surface of the 
skin, and if a part be bruised, in any stage 
of the disease, ecchymosis immediately 
takes place; the pulse is generally weak, 
the tongue is of its natural appearance, the 
bowels are either very much confined, or 
the patient is troubled with diarrhcea, ac- 
companied with griping pains. In the last 
stage of the disease the breath becomes 
remarkably fetid ; the urine, after it hris 
been voided some hours, is covered with an 
oily pellicle ; and blood issues from the 
mouth, nose, anus, urinary passages, some- 
times even from the ends of the fingers 
and pores of the skin. There is a remark- 
able symptom sometimes attendant on this 
disease, even in its incipient state, mention- 
ed by Dr. Blane, in his valuable work on 
the Diseases of Seamen, in which the patient 
complains of an almost total blindness to- 
wards evening, when no other visible symp- 
tom of the disease is present ; but the 
complaint uniformly betrays itself by ecchy- 
mosis, in cases of bruises, or by scorbutic 
ulcers, which are very difficult of cure. It 
chiefly affects sailors, and people shut up in 
besieged places, who are deprived of fresh 
provisions and vegetables ; this, however, is 
not always the cause, as, in cold climates, it 
is sometimes produced by a very scanty, 
though not salt diet, under the influence, at 
the same time, of cold, damp, and foul air, 
and indolence. 
Treatment. This disease will be most 
certainly removed by fre,sh vegetables, and 
the expressed juice of lemons, limes, oranges, 
and other subacid fruits ; the two fiist are, 
however, the most powerful antiscorbutics; 
