MEDICINE. 
two or three times a day. Blisters behind 
the ears, electricity, and internal stimulants, 
will likewise prove useful auxiliaries. It 
the disease arise in consequence of siphilis, 
we must apply to a full course of the mer- 
cury. Whenever deafness is not easily re- 
moved by tlie ordinary means, the applica- 
tion of blisters behind the ears will often be 
of service. 
Enuresis, involuntary flow of nrine. The 
causes are, atony, or paralysis of the sphinc- 
ter of the bladder; irritation or compression 
pf the vesica urinaria ; the latter period of 
pregnancy; laxation of the vertebrm. If 
the disease proceed from atony, the peri- 
naeum must be frequently bathed with cold 
water ; repeated blisters must be applied 
to it and to the os sacrum. We shotdd at 
the same time administer internal tonics 
and stimulants, as bark, zinc, and some of 
the preparations of iron, tincture of cantha- 
rides, and the cold bath. If it be induced 
by paralysis, blisters, electricity, and inter- 
nal stimulants must be employed : if from 
irritation, or compression of the bladder, 
the cause of it must be discovered, and the 
proper means of removing it be had re- 
course to ; and if it be a consequence of the 
pressure of the gravid uterus, the patient 
should be kept as much as possible in a 
horizontal posture. 
Ischuria. Of this disease there are four 
species; as affecting the kidneys, ure- 
ters, bladder, or urethra. The first pro- 
ceeds from nephritis, calculi, spasm, gru- 
mous blood, or pus in the pelvis of the kid- 
neys, paralysis, and sometimes inflammation 
of the intestines, or mesentery. If the dis- 
ease arise from the first-mentioned cause. 
Which wilt be readily discovered by a care- 
ful attention to the symptoms, it will be re- 
moved by the means pointed out when 
treating of that inflammation : jf it be the 
consequence of calculi, which will be known 
by the attendant symptoms, which are a 
frequent desire of making water, often sud- 
denly stopped as it flows in a full stream ; 
heat and pain soon after the evacuation of 
it; tenesmus; an itchiness of the anus and 
extremity of the urethra ; colic pains; cos- 
tiveness ; nausea ; and frequently vomiting, 
pain and retraction of the testes, and pain or 
a sense of weight in one or both thighs. 
Blood-letting will be requisite, in propor- 
tion to the violence of the symptoms of ex- 
citement. Laxatives will at the same time 
be necessary, and the antiphlogistic regi- 
men must be strictly adhered to. The irri- 
tation w'ill be allayed by the employment 
of the warm bath, fomentations, opiates, 
watery, farinaceous and mucilaginous fluids, 
turpentine clysters, and stimulating lini- 
ments to the region of the kidneys. If it 
proceed from a spasmodic affection, opium, 
aether, hyoscyamus, and the warm bath, are 
the proper remedies. When it arises from 
grumons blood, or pus, contained in the 
pelvis of the kidneys, we must promote the 
expulsion of them by the w'arm bath, di- 
luents, opiates, and emollient laxative clys- 
ters. If it proceed from paralysis, internal 
and external stimulants, electricity, and the 
remedies recommended in the treatment of 
paralysis must be employed ; and if from 
the last-mentioned cause, the most power- 
ful means of removing such inflammations 
must be employed with diligence, and those 
means are pointed out in another place. 
In ischnry, from complaint in the bladder, 
there is a suppression of urine, accompanied 
with a circumscribed tumour of the hypo- 
gastrium, and a sense of distension in it, and 
an acute or obtuse pain about the neck of 
the bladder, attended with a frequent incli- 
nation to make water. 
When the disease arises from the first- 
mentioned cause, it wilt be removed by 
blood- letting, laxatives, emollient laxative 
clysters, opiates, the warm bath, and fric- 
tion of the hypogastrium, with a strong so- 
lution of camphor in olive oil, and if we do 
not succeed by those means, we must draw 
off the urine with the catheter; and in des- 
perate cases have recourse to puncturing 
the bladder, either above the pubes, or by 
passing a trocar into it from the rectum. 
If the disease arise from schirrus of the 
prostrate gland, mercury, hemlock, sarsa- 
parilla, and sea-bathing, should be recom- 
mended. If it be the consequence of pa- 
ralysis, electricity, tincture of cantharides, 
and repeated small blisters will be proper. 
When it proceeds from spasm, opiates must 
be employed internally and externally, 
emollient laxative clysters, the warm bath, 
and a strong solution of the camphor; and 
if the patient be plethoric, it will be advis- 
able to take away some blood. When the 
disease is caused by over-distention of the 
bladder, from the too long retention of 
the urine, cold substances must be applied 
to the hypogastric region, and cold water 
should afterwards be injected into the blad- 
der. If induced by the presence of grumous 
blood, pns, or mucus, these are to be re- 
moved by tepid injections, diluents, and by 
the other means recommended in the treat- 
ment of the first species. If ectopia of the 
9mm 
