MOO 
€nts in roasting the flesh of their sacrifices, 
they called obelisks. 
The Monument, absolutely so called 
among us, is a magnificent pillar, erected 
by order of Parliament, in memory of the 
burning of the city of London, anno 1666, 
in the very place where the fire began. 
This pillar is of stone, of the Doric order, 
and fluted. It is one of the bohlest pieces of 
architecture that ever was attempted, be- 
ing two hundred and two feet high, and the 
diameter fifteen; it stands on a pedestal 
forty feet high, and twenty-one feet square, 
the front being enriched with curious em- 
blems in basso relievo : within are winding 
stairs, tip to the very top. 
MOOD, or Mode, in logic, called also 
syllogistic mood, a proper disposition of the 
several propositions of a syllogism, in repect 
of quantity and quality. 
As in all the several dispositions of the 
middle term, the propositions of which a 
syllogism consists, may be either universal 
or particular, affirmative or negative ; the 
due determination of these, and putting 
them together as the laws of argumentation 
require, constitute what logicians call the 
moods of .syllogisms. Of these moods there 
are a determinate number to every figure, 
including all the possible ways in which 
propositions, differing in quantity or qua- 
lity can be combined, according to any 
disposition of the middle terra, in order to 
arrive' at a just conclusion. There are two 
kinds of moods, the one direct, the other 
indirect. 
Tire direct mood is that wherein the 
conclusion is drawn from the premises di- 
rectly and immediately, as, “ Every ani- 
mal is a living thing, every man is a living 
animal ; therefore every man is a living 
thing.” There are fourteen of these direct 
moods, four whereof belong to the first 
figure, four to the second, and six to the 
third. They are denoted by so many arti- 
ficial words framed for that purpose, viz. 
1. Barbara, celarent, darii, ferioque. 4. 
Baralip, celantes, dabitis, fapesmo, frisesom. 
2. Cesare, camestres, festino, baroco. 3. 
Darapti, selapton, disamis, datisi, bocai’do, 
ferison. The use and effect of which words 
lie wholly in the syllables, and the letters 
whereof the syllables consist; each word, 
for instance, consists of three syllables, de- 
noting the three propositions of a syllo- 
gism, viz. major, minor, and conclusion : 
add, that the letters of each syllable are 
either vowels or consonants ; tlie vowels are 
A, which denotes an universal aflinnative ; 
MOO 
E, an universal negative ; I, a particular 
affirmative ; and O, a particular negative : 
thus Barbara is a syllogism or mood of the 
first figure, consisting of three universal 
affirmative propositions: Baralip, one of 
the fourth figure, consisting of two univer- 
sal affirmative premises, and a particular 
affirmative conclusion. The consonants are 
chielly of use in the reduction of syllogisms. 
The indirect mood, is that wherein tlie con- 
clusion is not inferred immediately from the 
premises, but follows from them by means 
of a conversion, as, “ Every animal is a 
living thing, every man is an animal ; there- 
fore some living thing is a man.” 
Mood, or Mode, in grammar, the dif- 
ferent manner of conjugating verbs, serving 
to denote the different affections of the 
mind. See Grammar. 
MOON, luna, C, in astronomy, a satel- 
lite, or secondary planet, always attendant 
on our earth. 
The moon being the nearest, and next to 
the sun, the most remarkable body in our 
system, and also useful for the division of 
time, it is no wonder that the ancient astro- 
nomers were attentive to discover its mo- 
tions, aud the orbit which it describes. 
The motion of the moon in its orbit about 
the earth, is from west to east, and its or- 
bit is found to be inclined to the ecliptic. 
The motion of the moon is also observed 
not to be uniform, and its distance from 
the earth is found to vary, which shows 
that it does not revolve in a circle about the 
earth in its centre ; but its motion is found 
to be in an ellipse, having the earth in one 
of the foci. The position of the ellipse is 
observed to be continually changing, the 
major axis not being fixed ; but moving 
sometimes direct and sometimes retrograde ; 
but, upon the whole, the motion is direct, 
and it makes a complete revolution in a 
little more than eight years and a half. 
The exceutricity of the ellipse is also found 
to change, that is, the ellipse is sometimes 
nearer to a circle than it is at other times. 
The inclination of its orbit is found likewise 
subject to a variation from 3° to 5° 18'. 
All these iiregularities arise from the sun 
disturbing the moon’s motion by its attrac- 
tion. As the ellipse which the moon de- 
scribes about the sun, is subject to a varia- 
tion, the periodic time of the moon about 
the earth will also vary; in winter, the 
moon’s orbit is dilated, and the periodic 
time is increased ; and in summer, her or- 
bit is contracted, and her periodic time is 
diminished. The periodic time of the moon 
