NAT 
fo it the vegetable, and lastly the mineral 
kingdom. 
To the vegetable and mineral kingdoms 
we have already referred under the distinct 
articles Botany and Mineralogy, with 
regard to the animal kingdom we may ob- 
serve, tllat animals enjoy sensation by means 
of a living organization, animated by a me- 
dullary substance, perception by nerves,, 
and motion by the exertion of the will. 
They are fnrnislied with members for the 
ditferent purposes of life, organs for their 
different senses, and faculties or powers 
for the applic.ation of their different percep- 
tions. They alt originate ab ovo. Their 
external and internal structure, habits, in- 
stincts, and various relations to each other, 
will be found under the different genera. 
See also Anatomy, Comparative Ana- 
tomy, Physiology, &c. 
The following is a brief abstract of the 
arrangement pursued by Liniiteus in bis 
division of the animal kingdom. 
CLASS I. MAMMALIA. 
ORDEIV 
Primates 
Pecora 
Bruta 
Bellu* 
Ferce 
Cete 
Glires 
CLASS II. AVES. 
ORDER. 
Acripetres 
Grallae 
Pieie 
Gallinae 
Anseres 
Passeres 
CLASS HI. AMPHIBIA. 
ORDER. 
Reptiiia 
Serpentes 
CLASS IV. PISCES. 
ORDER. 
Apodes 
Abdominalcs 
Jugulares 
Branchiostegi 
Thoracici 
Condropterygii 
CLASS V. INSECTA. 
ORDER. 
Coleoptera 
Hymenoptera 
Hemyptera 
Diptera 
Lepidoptera 
Aptera 
Neuroptera 
NAT 
CLASS VI. VERMES. 
order. 
Intestina Zoophyta 
Mollusca Infusoria 
Testacea 
For particular information respecting the 
characters of the different classes, orders, 
&c. the reader may consult the several, arti- 
cles. 
NATURALIZATION, is when an alien 
born is made the king’s natural subject. 
Hereby an alien is put in the same state 
as if he had been born in the king’s lige- 
aiice, except only, that he is incapable of 
being a member of the Pi ivy Council, or 
Parliament, and of holding any office or 
grant. No bill for a naturalization, can be 
received in either House of Parliament, 
without such disabling clause in it; nor 
without a clause disabling the person from 
obtaining any immunity in ti’ade thereby, 
in any foreign country, unless he shall have 
resided in Britain seven years next after the 
commencement of the session in which ho 
is naturalized. Neither can any person be 
naturalized, or restored in blood, unless he 
have received the sacrament within one 
month before the bringing in of the bill, 
and unless he also take the oaths of allegi- 
ance and supremacy in the presence ot the 
Parliament. See A lien. 
NATURAL philosophij, otherwise called 
physics, is that science which considers the 
powers of nature, the properties of natural 
bodies, and their actions upon one another. 
Laws of nature are certain axioms, or gene, 
ral rules, of motion and rest, observed by 
natural bodies in their actions upon one 
another. Of these laws Sir I. Newton has 
established three: — Law 1. That every 
body perseveres in the same state, either of 
rest or uniform rectilinear motion, unless it 
is compelled to change that state by the ac- 
tion of some foreign force or agent, Thus, 
projectiles persevere in their motions, ex- 
cept so far as they are retarded by the re- 
sistance of the air and the aclion of gravity ; 
and thus a top, once set up in motion, only 
ceases to turn round because it is resisted 
by the air, and by the friction of the plane 
upon which it moves. Thus also the larger 
bodies of the planets and comets preserve 
their progressive and circular motions a 
long time undiminished in regions void of all 
sensible resistance. As body is passive in 
receiving its motion, and the direction of its 
motion, so it retains them, or perseveres in 
