NUM 
to time ; as a man, a house, sweet, bitter, 
&c. See Grammar. 
NOURISHMENT. See Physiology. 
NUDE con/racf, nudum pactum, a bare 
promise without any oon.sideration, and not 
authenticated by deed, whidi is therefore 
void in law. 
NUISANCE, signifies generally any- 
thing tliat does hurt, inconvenience, or da- 
mage to the property or person of another. 
Nuisances are of two kinds, public and 
private, and either aflTect the public or the 
individual. The remedy for a private nui- 
sance is by action on the case for damages, 
and for a public nuisance by indictment. 
Amongst die nuisances which most com- 
monly occur are the erecting of noxions 
manufactures in towns, and in the vicinity 
of ancient houses ; such as the erecting a 
vitriol manufactory, to the annoyance of 
the neighbours in general. Disorderly 
houses, bawdy houses, stage booths, lotte- 
ries, and common scolds, are also public 
nuisances. Where the injury is naerely to 
an individual, and not to the public, the 
individual only has an action, but not in the 
case of a public nuisance, where the private 
injury is merged, or lost, in that of the pub- 
lic, but where an individual receives a par- 
ticular injury by a public nuisance. And 
any one aggrieved may abate, that is, pull 
down and remove a nuisance, after which 
he can have no action : but this is a dan- 
gerous attempt to take the law into one’s 
own hands. It must be done without riot, 
if at all. Every continuance of a nuisance 
is a fresh nuisance, and a fresh action will 
lie. 
NUL tiel record, no such record in law, 
is the replication which the plaintiff makes 
to the defendant when the latter pleads a 
matter of record in bar to the action, and 
it is necessary to deny the existence of such 
record, and to join issue on that fact. 
NUMBER, a collection of several units, 
or of several things of the same kind, as 2, 3, 
4, &c. Number is unlimited in respect of 
increase, because we can never conceive a 
number so great, but stilt there is a greater. 
However, in respect of decrease it is limit- 
ed ; unity being the first and least number, 
below which therefore it cannot descend. 
Numbers, fcind.sand distinctions Ma- 
thematicians, considering number under a 
great many relations, have established the 
following distinctions. Broken numbers, 
are the same with fractions. See Arith- 
metic. Cardinal numbers, are those wliich 
NUM 
express the quantity of units, as 1, g, 3, 4, 
&c. ; whereas ordinal numbers, are those 
which express order, a^ 1st, 2d, 3d, &c. 
Compound number, one divisible by some 
other number besides unity; as 12, which 
is divisible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. Numbers, as 
12 and 16, whicli have some common mea- 
sure besides unity, are said to be compound 
numbers among themselves. Cubic num- 
ber, is the product of a square number by 
its root : such is 27, as being the product of 
the square number 9, by its root 3. All 
cubic numbers whose root is less than 6, 
being divided by 6, the remainder is the 
root itself : thus 27 -J- 6 leaves the remain- 
der 3, its root; 216, the cube of 6, being 
divided by 6, leaves no remainder; 343, the 
cube of 7, leaves a remainder 1, which, ad- 
ded to 6, is the cube root; and 512, the cube 
of 8, divided by 6, leaves aremainder 2, which 
added to 6, is the cube root. Hence the re- 
mainders of the divisions of the cubes above 
216, divided by 6, beipg added to 6, always 
gives the root of the cube so divided, till 
that remainder be 5, and consequently 11, 
the cube root of the number divided. But 
the cubic numbers above this being divided 
by 6, there remains nothing, the cube root 
being 12. Thus the remainders of the higher 
cubes are to be added to 12, and not to 6 ; 
till yon come to 18, when tlie remainder of 
the division must be added to 18 ; and so 
on ad infinitum. From considering this pro- 
perty of the number 6, with regard to cubic 
numbers, it has been found that alt other 
numbers, raised to any power whatever, 
had each their divisor, which had the same 
effect with regard to them that 6 has with 
regard to cubes. The general rule is this ; 
“ If the exponent of the power of a number 
be even, that is, if that number be raised to 
the 2d, 4th, 6th, &c. power, it must bo di- 
vided by 2 ; then the remainder added to 2, 
or to a multiple of 2, gives the root of the 
number corresponding to its power, that is 
the 2d, 4th, and root. But if the exponent 
of the power of the number be uneven, theSd, 
5 th, 7th power, the double of that exponent is 
the divisor that has the property required. 
Determinate number, is that referred to 
some given unit, as a ternary or three ; 
whereas an indeterminate one, is that refer- 
red to unity in general, and is called quanti- 
ty. Homogeneal numbers, are those refer- 
red to the same unit ; as those referred to 
different units are termed heterogeneal. 
Whole numbers are otherwise called inte- 
gers. Rational number, is one commensn- 
