ORG 
By inspecting the plan and elevation, (fig. 
1 and 3) it will be seen, that the bairel is 
longer than the set of keys, by the distance 
of one of the keys from the other, the barrel 
can be moved along endways this quantity, 
and for this purpose it is mounted in a 
frame, (fig. 4) which slides in a groove, 
shown in the section (fig. g) ; a small pin, P, 
(fig. 4) is fastened to the fi'ame, and comes 
through the case of the instrument; it has 
notches cut in it which receives tlie sharp 
edge of a bolt, L, (fig. 7) fixed there, and 
which holds the barrel in any place it is 
set. By moving the barrel endways a short 
distance, an entire new set of pins is pre- 
sented to the keys, rr, which pins are dis- 
posed differently to the former ones, and 
consequently play a different tune ; there 
are often five different sets, and as many 
notches, on tlie pin, P, (fig. 1). Without some 
contrivance when the barrel is moved end- 
ways, its pins might catch some of the keys, 
and break or bend them : to avoid this, the 
bolt, P, which confines the barrel, and pre- 
vents it being moved either way, is held 
down by another bolt, R, (fig. 7) sliding 
across the end of it ; this bolt has a pin fas- 
tened to the back of it, which goes through 
the case of the instrument, (marked x, fig. 
2 and 3) and when drawn back, presses 
down the end of a lever, y, the other end 
of which lifts up the key-frame, and thus 
raises the keys up clear of the pins in the 
barrel, before it can be moved endways to 
play another tune. 
Tlie regulator, D, is pressed down by two 
wire springs, which equalize the pressure 
upon the air contained in it, when, by the 
bellows forcing in more air than the pipes 
require, and consequently it accumulates in 
the regulator, it lifts up its lid, and the han- 
dle of a small valve, z, seen in the eleva- 
tion, (fig. 1) is pushed against a part of the 
frame; this opens the valves, and allows 
the air to escape, until the regulator sinks 
by the action of the two wire springs. 
From what we have said, a description 
of the operation of the instrument will be 
scarcely necessary. By turning the han- 
dle, the crank, a, works the bellows, and 
supplies the air to the pipes ; the endless 
screw turns the barrel, and its pins lift up 
the keys at the proper time, opens the 
valves, and admits the air into the pipes. 
When soft music is to be played, the stop, 
m, (fig. 2) which has a handle coming 
through the case, is drawn out, and the 
other shoved in ; this stops the passages to 
the wooden pipes, and opens the metal 
VOL V. 
ORG 
onw ; for fuller music, the stop, m, is push- 
ed in, and n drawn out ; the wooden pipes 
are then used, and, for very grand and loud 
music, both sets are used, by drawing out 
both stops, and when both are in the sound- 
cases, though the handle is still turned. For 
changing the tune, the bolt, R, is drawn 
back, this raises the key-frame ; the other 
bolt is then drawn back, and the pin, P, 
moved in or out to another notch ; the bolts 
are then to be returned. Several barrels 
are adapted to the same organ, to perform 
a great variety of tunes. 
ORGANICAL, in the ancient music, was 
that part performed by instruments. The 
organical comprehended three kinds of in- 
struments, viz. the wind instruments, as 
trumpets, flutes, hautboys, &c. ; stringed in- 
struments, as lutes, lyres, violins, harpsi- 
chords, &c. ; and pulsative instruments, or 
those played by beating with the hands or 
sticks, as drums, &c. 
Organical description of curves, is the 
description of them upon a plane by means 
of instruments, and commonly by a con- 
tinued motion. The most simple construc- 
tion of this kind is, that of a circle, by 
means of a pair of compasses. The next is 
that of an ellipse by means of a tliread and 
two pins in the foci, or the ellipse and hyper-, 
bola, by means of the elliptical and hyper- 
bolic compasses. 
ORGANZINE, in commerce, a descrip, 
tion of silk usually imported from Italy into 
this country. It is of the utmost impor- 
tance to the manufacturer, as none of the 
principal articles could be fabricated with- 
out it ; and the Italians aware of this, lon^ 
kept the art of throwing it a most profound 
secret. It was introduced into this country 
by the enterprize and skill of Messrs. 
Thomas and John Lombe, the latter having 
at the risk of his life, and with wonderful 
ingenuity, taken a plan of one of these com- 
plicated machines, in the King of Sardinia’s 
dominions, from which, on his return, they 
established a similar set of mills in the town 
of Derby ; and in consideration of the great 
hazard and expense attending the under- 
taking, a patent was'granted to Sir Thomas 
Lombe, in 1718, for securing to him the 
exclusive privilege of working organzine for 
the term of 14 years ; but the construction 
of buildings and engines, and the instruc- 
tion of the workmen took up so much time, 
that the 14 years were nearly expired be- 
fore he could derive auy advantage from it 
in consequence of which he petitioned par- 
liament, in 1731, to grant him a further 
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