PAP 
there are more than one, great care must be 
taken, after the first, to let the print fall ex- 
actly in the same part of the paper as that 
•which went before ; otherwise the figure of 
the design would be brought into irregulari- 
ty and confusion. In common paper of low 
price, it is usual, therefore, to print only 
the outlines, and lay on the rest of the co- 
lours by stencilling, which both saves the 
expense of cutting more prints, and can be 
practised by common workmen, not requir- 
ing the great care and dexterity necessary 
to the using several prints. The manner of 
stencilling the colours is this : the figure, 
which all the parts of any particular colour 
make in the design to be painted, is to be 
cut out in a piece of thin leather or oil cloth, 
which pieces of leather, or oil-clotli, are 
called stencils ; and being laid flat on the 
sheets of paper to be printed, spread on a 
table or floor, are to be rubbed over with 
the colour, properly tempered by means of 
a large brush. The colour passing over the 
whole is consequently spread on those parts 
of the paper where the cloth or leather is 
cut away, and give the same effect as if laid 
on by a print. This is nevertheless only 
practicable in parts where there are only 
detached masses or spots of colours ; for 
where there are smalt continued lines, or 
parts that run one into another, it is diffi- 
cult to preserve the connection or conti- 
nuity of the parts of the cloth, or to keep 
the smaller corners close down to tlie pa- 
per; and Aerefore, in such cases, prints 
are preferable. Stencilling is indeed a 
cheaper method of ridding coarse work 
than printing; but without such extraordi- 
nary attention and trouble, as render it 
equally difficult with printing, it is far less 
beautiful and exact in the effect. For the 
outline of the spots of colour want that 
sharpness and regularity that are given by 
prints, besides the frequent extra lineations, 
or deviations from the just figure, which 
happens by the original misplacing of the 
stencils, or the shifting tlie place, of them 
during the operation. Pencilling is only used 
in the case of nicer work, such as the better 
imitations of tbe India paper. It is perform- 
ed in the same manner as other paintings 
in water or varnish. It is sometimes used 
only to fill the outlines already formed by 
printing, where the price of tbe colour, or 
the exactness of the manner in which it is 
required to be laid on, render the stencil- 
ling or printing it less proper ; at other 
times, it is used for forming or delineating 
some parts of the design, where a spirit of 
PAP 
freedom and variety, not to be had inprint- 
ed outlines, are desired to be had in the 
work. The paper designed for receiving 
the flock is first prepared with a varnish- 
ground with some proper colour, or by that 
of the paper itself. It is frequently prac- 
tised to print some Mosaic, or other small 
running figure in colours, on the ground, 
before the flock be laid on ; and it may be 
done with any pigment of the colour de- 
sired, tempered with varnish, and laid on 
by a print cut corrospondently to that end. 
Tlie method of laying on the flock is this : 
a wooden print being cut, as is above de- 
scribed, for laying on tlie colour in such 
manner that the part of the design which is 
intended for the flock may project beyond 
the rest of the surface, the varnish is put on 
a block covered with leather or oil cloth, 
and tlie print is to be used also in the same 
manner, to lay the varnish on all the parts 
where the flock is to be fixed. The sheet, 
thus prepared by the varnished impression, 
is then to be removed to another block or 
table, and to be strewed over with flock, 
which is afterwards to be gently com- 
pressed by a board, or some other flat 
body, to make the varnish take the better 
hold of it ; and then the sheet is to be hung 
on a frame till the varnish be perfectly dry, 
at which time the superfluous part of flock 
is to be brushed off by a "soft camel’s-hair 
brush, and the proper flock will be found to 
adhere in a very strong manner. The method 
of preparing the flock is, by cutting woollen 
rags or pieces of cloth with the hand, by 
means of a large bill or chopping-knife ; or 
by means of a machine worked by a horse- 
mill. There is a kind of counterfeit flock- 
paper, which, when well managed, has very 
much the same effect to the eye as the real, 
though done with less expense. The man- 
ner of making this sort is, by laying a 
ground of varnish on the paper, and having 
afterwards printed the design of the flock 
in varnish, in the same manner as for the 
true; instead of the flock, some pigment, 
or dry colour, of the same hue with tlie 
flock required by the design, but somewhat 
of a darker shade, being well powdered, is 
strewed on the printed varnish, and pro- 
duces nearly the same appearance. 
Paper, blotting, is paper not sized, and 
into which ink readily sinks ; it is used in 
books, &c. instead of sand, to prevent 
blotting; and also by apothecaries for fil- 
tering. 
PAPIER mache. This is a substance 
made of cuttings of wliite or brown paper, 
