PAPILIO. 
cent-shaped spots. It is said to be a native 
of India. 
Among the Equites Achivi the P. Mene- 
laiis may be considered as one of the most 
splendidly beautiful of the butterfly tribe. 
Its size is large, measuring when expanded 
about six inclies; and its colour is the most 
brilliant silver-blue that imagination can 
conceive, changing, according to the varia- 
tion of the light, into a deeper blue, and in 
some lights to a greenish cast; on the under 
side it is entirely brown, with numerous 
deeper and lighter undulations, and three 
large ocellated spots on each wing. It is a 
native of South America, and proceeds from 
q large yellow caterpillar, beset with nu- 
merous, upright, sharp, black spines. It 
changes into an angular chrysalis, of a brown 
colour, and distinguished by having the pro- 
boscis projecting in a semicircular manner 
over the breast; from this chrysalis, in 
about fourteen days, proceeds the complete 
insect. 
The P. Machaon is an insect of great 
beauty, and may be considered as the only 
British species of l^apilio belonging to the 
trib^ of Equites. It is commonly known 
among the English collectors by the title of 
the swallow-tailed butterfly, and is of a 
beautiful yellow, with black spots or patches 
along the upper edge of the .superior wings : 
all the wings are bordered with a deep 
edging of black, decorated with a double 
row of crescent-shaped spots, of which the 
upper row is blue, and the lower yellow : 
tlie under wings are tailed, and are marked 
at the inner angle or tip with a round red 
spot bordered with blue and black. The 
caterpillar of this species feeds principally 
on fennel, and other umbelliferous plants, 
and is sometimes found on rue. It is of a 
green colour, encircled with numerous black 
bands, spotted with red, and is furnished on 
the top of the head with a pair of short ten- 
tacula of a red colour, which it occasionally 
protrudes from that part. In the month of 
July it changes into a yellowish-grey angu- 
lar chrysalis, affixed to some convenient 
part of the plant, or other neighbouring 
substance, and from this chrysalis in the 
month of August proceeds the complete 
insect. 
Of the division called Heliconii, the beau- 
tiful insect, the P. Apollo, is an example. 
It is a native of many parts of Europe, but 
has not yet been observed in our own coun- 
try, and is somewhat larger than the com- 
mon great cabbage butterfly; of a white 
colour, with a slight semi-transparency to- 
wards the tips of the wings, which are deco- 
rated with velvet-black spots, and on each 
of the lower wings are two most beautiful 
ocellated spots, consisting of a carmine- 
coloured circle, with a white centre and 
black exterior border. The caterpillar is 
black, with small red spots, and a pair of. 
short retractile tentacula in front : it feeds 
on orpine, and some other succulent plants, 
and changes into a brown chrysalis, covered 
with a kind of glaucous or violet-coloured 
powder. 
Of the division entitled Danai Candidi, 
the common large white butterfly, or P. 
Brassicae, is a familiar example. This in- 
sect is too well known to require particular 
description ; and it may be only necessary 
to remind the reader that it proceeds from 
a yellowish caterpillar, freckled with bluish 
and black spots, and which changes during 
the autumn into a yellowish-grey chrysalis, 
affixed in a perpendicular direction to some 
w'all, tree, or other object, some filaments 
being drawn across the thorax in order the 
more conveniently to secure its position. 
The fly appears in May and June, and is 
seen through all the summer. 
Among the Nymphales Gemmati, few can 
exceed in elegance the P. lo, or peacock 
butterfly, a species by no means uncommon 
in our own country : the ground colour of 
this insect is orange-brown, with black bars, 
separated by yellow intermediate spaces on 
tlie upper edge of the superior wings, while 
at the tip of each is a most beautiful large 
eye-shaped spot, formed by a combination 
of black, brown, and blue, with the addition 
of whitish specks : on each of the lower 
wings is a still larger eye-shaped spot, con- 
sisting of a black central patch, varied with 
blue, add surrounded by a zone of pale 
brown, which is itself deeply bordered with 
black : all the wings are scalloped or denti- 
culated. The caterpillar is black, with 
numerous white spots, and black ramified 
spines; it feeds principally on the nettle; 
changing to chrysalis in July, and the fly 
appearing in August. 
Of the last division, termed Plebeii, may 
be adduced as an example a small English 
butterfly, called P. Malvas, of a blackish or 
brown colour, with' numerous whitish and 
semi-transparent spots. To this latter divi- 
sion also belongs a very beautiful exotic 
species, a native of India, and of a most ex- 
quisite lucid blue colour, edged willi blaek, 
and further ornamented by having each of 
