PAS 
compel them to seek them in the warmer 
regions wliere they are to be found. Among 
the birds of passage, the fieldfare, the red- 
wing, tlie woodcock, and the snipe, come 
to us in the autumn, at the time when the 
summer birds are leaving us, and go from 
us again in spring, at the time when these 
return ; and of these the two last often con- 
tinue with us through the summer, and 
breed ; so that the two first seem the only 
kinds that certainly leavens at the approach 
of spring, retiring to the northern parts of 
the continent, where they live during the 
summer, and breed ; and, at the return of 
winter, are driven southerly from those fri- 
gid climes, in search of food, which there 
the ice and snow must deprive them of. 
Passage, right of, in commerce, is an 
imposition or duty exacted by some princes, 
either by land or sea, in certain close and 
narrow places in their territories, on all 
vessels and carriages, and even sometimes 
on persons or passengers coming in or going 
out of ports, &c. The most celebrated 
passage of this kind in Europe is the Sound, 
the dues for passing which straight belong 
to the King of Denmark, and are paid at 
Elsenore or Cronenbnrg. 
PASSANT, in heraldry, a term applied 
to a lion, or other animal, in a shield, ap- 
pearing to walk leisurely : for most beasts, 
except lions, the terra trippant is frequently 
used instead of passant. 
PASSERES, in natural history, the sixth 
order of birds according to the Linnasan 
system, they are distinguished by a conical 
and pointed bill ; nostrils oval, pervious, 
naked ; legs formed for hopping ; toes slen- 
der, divided; body slender, flesh of such 
as feed on grain pure ; of those which feed on 
insects impure ; nest formed with much art. 
They live chiefly in trees and hedges, are 
monogamous, vocal, and feed the young 
by thrusting the food down their throats. 
They are thus divided ; the genera in A 
have thick bills, as the 
Colitis Loxia 
Einberiza Phitoloma. 
Fringilla 
Those in B have the upper mandible 
somewhat hooked at the point ; as the 
Caprinuilgus Hiruudq 
Pipra. 
Those in C have the upper mandible 
notched near the end ; as the 
Ampelis Tanagrtv 
Muscicapa Turdu.4. 
PAS 
Those in D have the bill straight, simple, 
tapering : as the 
Alauda Pants 
Cohtmba Stnrnus. 
Motacilla 
PASSERINA, in botany, sparrow ivort, 
a genus of the Octandria Monogyuia class 
and order. Natural order of Vepreculse. 
Thymelma;, Jussieu. Essential character: 
calyx none ; corolla four-cleft ; stamina 
placed on the tube ; seed one, corticate. 
There are nineteen species, chiefly natives 
of the Cape of Good Hope and New Zea- 
land. 
PASSIFLORA, in botany, passion fower, 
a genus of the Gynandria Pentandria class 
and order. Natural order of Cucurbitacese, 
Essential character : styles three ; calyx 
five-leaved ; petals five ; nectary a crown ; 
berry pedicelled. There are thirty-seven 
.species, of which we shall notice the P. 
caarulea, common or blue passion flower. 
This tree rises in a few years to a great 
height, with proper support, the shoots of- 
ten growing to the length of ten or twelve 
feet in one summer ; at each joint is one 
leaf, composed of five smooth entire lobes ; 
their footstalks are nearly two inches long, 
having two embracing stipules at their base ; 
from the same point issues a long clasper, 
or tendril, the flowers come out at the same 
joint with the leaves, on peduncles three 
inches long; they have a faint scent, last- 
ing only one day ; fruit egg-shaped, the 
size and shape of the Mogul plum, when 
ripe of the same yellow colour, inclosing 
a sweetish disagreeable pulp, in which are 
lodged oblong seeds. The blue passion 
flower grows naturally in Brazil. It is now 
become the most common species in Eng- 
land, being sufficiently hardy to thrive in 
the open air. 
These beautiful plants were unknown till 
the discovery of America ; they are found 
in various parts, both of the continent, 
chiefly of South America, and the islands. 
PASSION, or the Passions. The latter 
term serves to express those sensations of 
the soul excited by pleasure and pain ; which 
two principal feelings are divided into a 
variety of branches, and those we shall 
endeavour, in the succeeding pages, to ex- 
plain, as far as our limited powers will per- 
mit. 
The passions are, in a great degree, self- 
ish ; and yet, fortunately for the general 
benefit of the human race, they are far 
from being entirely so. 
Fear may be said to be entirely confined 
