PAU 
PAULLINIA, ill botany, a genus of the 
Octaiidria Trigyiiia class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Trihilatae. Sapindi, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx five-leaved ; pe- 
tals four; nectary four-leaved, unequal; 
capsules tliree, compressed, nicmbrana- 
ceous, connate. There are seventeen spe- 
cies, all natives of warm climates. 
PAVO, the peacock, in natural history, a 
genus of birds of the order Gallina. Gene- 
ric character : bill convex and strong ; head 
covered with turned-back feathers ; nostrils 
large, feathers of the tail long, broad, ex- 
pansile, and adorned with rich cye-like 
spots. There are four species. The P. 
cristatus, or crested peacock, was or iginally 
brought from India, wliere it is found in its 
wild state, and exhibits all its maturity of 
growth, and glow of colouring. It was an 
article of importation from that country to 
Palestine, in the reign of Solomon, in those 
fleets which conveyed once in three years 
to the court of that magnificent monarch, 
invaluable treasures of art and nature. In 
this country, peacocks do not attain their 
full and brilliant plumage till their third 
year. The female lays five eggs, and is par- 
ticularly solicitous to conceal them from 
the male, which not unfrequently destroys 
them. These birds feed almost solely on in- 
sects and grain. They prefer elevated si- 
tuations for roosting, choosing the tops of 
liouses and the highest trees for this pur- 
pose. They w'ere considered, as luxuries 
for tire table by the Romans, and the young 
ones are now regarded as a delicacy. Their 
voice is harsh and dissonant, and in perfect 
contrast to that beauty exhibited by their 
plumage,^ which, in the language of RufFon, 
“ seems to combine all that delights the eye 
in the soft and delicate tints of the finest 
flowers, all that dazzles in the sparkling lus- 
tre of the gem, and all that astonishes in 
the grand display of the rainbow.” See 
Aves, Plate XI. fig. 2. 
PAUSE, a stop or cessation of speaking, 
singing, playing, or the like. The use of 
pointing, in grammar, is to make proper 
pauses in certain places. There is a pause 
in the middle of each verse ; in an hemi- 
stich it is called a rest or repose, • 
Pause, in music, a character of silence, 
or rest, called also by some a mute figure, 
because it shews that some part or person 
is to be silent, while the rest continue the 
song. Pauses are used either for the sake 
of some fugue, or imitation, or to give a 
breathing time ; or to give room for another 
voice, &e. to answer what this part sung. 
PAU 
as in dialogues, echoes, &c. In military af- 
fairs it is essentially necessary for all offi- 
cers to accustom themselves to a most mi- 
nute observance of the several pauses which 
are prescribed during the firings. Accord- 
ing to the regulations, the pause between 
each of the firing words, “ make ready, pre- 
sent, fire,” is the same as the ordinary time, 
viz. the seventy-fifth part of a minute, and 
no other pause is to be made between the 
words. In firing by companies, by wings, 
each wing carries on ils fire independently, 
without regard to the other wing, whether 
it fires from the centre to the flanks, or 
from the flanks to the centre. If there are 
five companies in the wing, two pauses will 
be made between the fire of each, and the 
make ready of the succeeding one. If 
there are four companies in the wing, three 
pauses will be made betwixt the fire of 
each, and the make ready of the succeed- 
ing one. This will allow sufficient time for 
the first company to have again loaded, and 
shouldered at the time the last company 
tires, and will establish proper intervals be- 
tween each. In firing by grand divisions, 
three pauses will be made betw'cen the fire 
of each division, and the make ready of the 
succeeding one. In firing by wings, one 
wing will make ready the instant the other 
is shouldering. The commanding officer of 
the battalion fires the wings. In firing 
companies by files, each company fires in- 
dependently. When the right file, presents, 
the next makes ready, and so on. After 
the first fire, each man as he loads comes 
to the recover, and the file again fires with- 
out waiting for any other; the rear rank 
men are to have their eyes on their front 
rank men, and be guided by, and present 
with them. 
PAUSES, in natural history, a genus of 
insects of the order Coleoptera. Antennae 
two-jointed, the upper joint very large, in- 
flected, hooked, pedicillate; head pointing 
forwards, with a convex, jugular triangle ; 
tlwrax narrow, imequal, scutellate; shells 
flexile, deflected, truncate ; four feet placed 
at the fore part of the breast, thighs w’ith 
minute appendages ; tarsi four-jointed. 
There are five species ; two of which are 
fully described in the “ Linnman Transac- 
tions,” vol. 4. P. microcephalus : head un- 
armed ; club an oblong sphere ; shells as 
long as the body, not punctured ; shanks li- 
near. It inhabits the Banana islands. P. 
sphoerocerus : head horned ; club globular ; 
.shells shorter than the abdomen, punctured ; 
shanks dilated at the tip. It is found at 
