PEA 
Sierra Leone ; wanders about in the niglit- 
time, during the months of January and Fe- 
binary, and becomes blind or benumbed on 
the approach of light ; the globes of the an- 
tennae give a kind of phosphoric light in 
the dark; the body is polished, and of ches- 
nnt colour, a little narrower than the last ; 
horn between the eyes straight, conic, tip- 
ped with a tuft of cartilaginous hairs ; eyes 
larger; thorax the same breadth as the 
head ; wings shining and violet. 
PAW, patte, in heraldry, the fore foot of 
a beast, cut off short. If the leg be cut off, 
it is called gamhe. Lions paws are much 
used in armory. 
PAWLE, in a ship, a small piece of iron 
bolted to one end of the beams of the deck 
close to the cai)stan ; but yet so easily, as 
that it can turn about. Its use is to stop 
the capstan from turning back, by being 
made to catch hold of the whelps ; they 
therefore say, heave a pawle ; that is, heave 
a little more, for the pawle to get hold of 
the whelps ; and this they call pawling the 
capstan. 
PAWN, among miners, a pledge put 
into the bar-master’s hand, at the time when 
the plaintiff causes the bar master to arrest 
the mine. 
PAWNBROKER. See Broker. 
PAY, in the sea-language. The seamen 
say, pay more cable, when they mean to let 
out more cable. 
PAYING, among seamen. When the 
seams of a ship are laid over with a coat of 
hot pitch, it is called paying her ; and when 
this is done with canvass, parcelling ; also 
when, after she is graved, and the soil burn- 
ed off, a new coat of tallow and soap, or 
one of train oil, rosin, and brimstone boiled 
together, i.s put on her, that is also called 
paying of a ship. 
PAYMENT, in law, is the consideration 
or purchase-money for goods, and may be 
made by the buyer giving to the seller the 
price agreed upon, either by bill or note, 
or by money. Where a day certain is ap- 
pointed for payment, the party bound shall 
be allowed till the last moment of the day 
to pay it in, if it be an inland bill. Pay- 
ment of money before the day, is, in law, 
payment at the day ; for it cannot, in pre- 
sumption of law, be any prejudice to him 
to whom the payment is made, to have his 
money before the time; and it appears by 
the party’s receipt of it, that it is for his 
own advantage to receive it then. 
PEACE has been represented allegori- 
cally as a beautiful female, holding in her 
VOL. V. 
PEA 
hand a wand or rod towards the earth, over 
a hideous serpent, and keeping her other 
hand over her face, as unwilling to behold 
strife or war. By some painters she has 
been represented holding in one hand an 
olive branch, and leading a lamb and a wolf 
yoked by their necks in the other ; others 
again have delineated her with an olive 
branch in her right hand, and a cornucopia, 
or horn of plenty, in her left. At Rome a 
celebrated temple w'as erected for the god- 
dess of peace, which was furnished with 
most of the rich vases and curiosities taken 
out of the Temple at Jerusalem. The Tem- 
ple of Peace, built by Ve.spasian, was three 
hundred feet long, and two hundred feet 
broad. Josephus says, that all the rarities 
which men are accustomed to travel to see, 
were deposited in this temple. 
Peace, in law, signifies a quiet and harm- 
less behaviour towards the King and his 
people. The King, by his office and dig. 
nity royal, is the principal conservator of 
the peace within all his dominions ; and 
may give authority to any other to see tlie 
peace kept, and to punish such as break it; 
hence it is usually called the King’s peace. 
All the great officers of state are generally 
conservators of the peace, throughout the 
kingdom, and may commit all breakers of 
it, or bind them in recognizance to keep 
it. Also the sheriff, coroner, constables, 
and tithingmen, are conservators of the 
peace within their own Jurisdiction, and 
may apprehend all breakers of the peace, 
and commit them till they find sureties to 
keep the peace. 
PEACH, in botany. See Amygdalus. 
PEACOCK. See Pavo. 
PEARL, a concretion formed, in several 
species of shells, as in some species of the 
oyster and the jmuscle. It has been re- 
garded by some persons as a morbid con- 
cretion, owing to an excess of shelly mat- 
ter, and by others it is supposed to have 
originated in a wound of the shell contain- 
ing the animal. Pearls are of a silvery or 
blueish-white colour, and very brilliant. As 
they consist of concentric layers of carbo- 
nate of lime and membrane, alternately ar- 
ranged, the refraction of light is ascribed to 
the lamellated structure. See Shell. 
Pearl, mother of, is the shell not of 
the pearl oyster, but of another sea-fish of 
the oyster kind. This shell on the inside 
is extremely smooth, and of the whiteness 
and water of pearl itself; and it has the 
same lustre on the outside, after the first 
laminae or scales have been cleared off with 
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