PHARMACY. 
tnra toluiferae balsamic, Edin. tincture of 
balsam of tolu. 
Tiiictura valerian®, Lond, tincture of 
valerian. 
Tinctnra veratri albi, Edin. tincture of 
■white hellebore. 
Tinctura ziugiberis, , Lond. tincture of 
ginger. 
Class XVII. Xtherea, Exherial 
Spirits. 
Alcohol, alcohol. 
Aithersiilphuricus, Edin. ®ther vitriolicus, 
Lond. Dahl, sulphuric ether, vitriolic 
ether. 
^ther siilphuricus cum alcohole, Edin. 
spiritas etheris vitriolici, Lond. spirit of 
• ether. 
Oleum vini, Lond. oil of wine. 
Spiiitus ffitheris vitriolici comp. Lond. 
Hotfman’s anodyne liquor. 
Spiritas mtheris nitrosi, Lond. Edin. spi- 
rit of nitrous ether. 
Linimentuin camphor® compositura, 
Lond. compound camphor liniment. 
Linimentum volatile, Dubl. volatile lini- 
ment, 
Alcohol ammoniatum aromaticiim, Edin. 
spiriius ammoni® coniposUus, Lond. sal 
volatile. 
Spiritas ammoni® siiccinatiis, Lond. am- 
ber, spirit of ammonia, or eau de luce. 
Tinctura castorei composita, Edin. com- 
pound tincture of castor. 
Tinctura cincliou® ammoniata, Lond. am- 
moniated tincture of cinchona. 
Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata, Edin. Lond. 
tincture of guiacum. 
Tinctura opii ammoniata, Edin. tincture 
of opium. 
Tinctura valerian® ammoniata, Lond, 
Dubl. tincture of valerian. 
Class XVIII. Vina. Medicated 
Wines. 
M. Parmentier has occupied thirty-two 
pages of the Annales de Chimie, to prove 
that wine is an extiemely bad menstruum 
for extracting the virtues of medicinal sub- 
stances. His argument, (for there is but 
one), is, that by the infusion of vegetable 
substances in wine, its natural tendency to 
decomposition is so much accelerated, that 
at the end of thp proce-ss, instead of wine, 
we have only a liquor containing the ele- 
ments of bad vinegar. As a solvent, diluted 
alcohol perfectly supersedes the use of wine ; 
and if we wish to use v/ine to cover the 
taste, or to assist the operation of any 
medicine, M. Parmentier proposes, that a 
tincture of the substance should be extem- 
poraneously mixed with wine as a vehicle. 
Notwithstanding this argument appears 
to us to have great weight, we shall allow 
to the medicated wines, retained in the 
pharmacopoeias, the characters they still ge- 
nerally possess. 
Vinuni aloes, Lond. vinum aloes succo- 
torin® Edin. wine of aloes. 
Vinum gentian® compositura, Edin. wins 
-ot gentian, compound. 
Vimim ipecacuanh®, Lond. Dubl. wine 
ot ipecacuan. 
Vinum nicotian® tabaci, Edin. win6 of 
tobacco. 
Vinum rhabarbari, Lond. vinum rhei 
palmati, Edin. wine of rhubarb. 
The metallic wines iiave been noticed 
already. 
Class XIX. Extracta. Extr.acts, 
Extract, in pharmacy, has been long used 
m the true and general sense of the term 
to express a substance extracted from bodies 
of all kinds, by the action of whatever men- 
struum, and reduced to spissitude by the 
evaporation ot that menstruum. Of late 
however, it has been employed in a differ- 
ent and more limited sense, as tlie name for 
a peculiar principle, which is often indeed, 
contained in extracts, and which before 
had no proper appellation. It is in the 
former sense that we employ it here, and in 
wluc^i we wish it to he only used, while a 
new word should be invented as the name 
of the new substance. Till a better bo 
proposed, we shall call it extractive. 
Extracts are of various kinds, according 
to the nature of tlie substances from which 
they are obtained, and the menstruum em- 
ployed; but they commonly consist of gum 
sugar, extractive, tannin, gallic acid, or 
resin, or several of them mixed in various 
proportions. The menstrua most common- 
ly employed are. water and alcohol. The 
former is capable of extracting all the sub- 
Stances enumerated, except the resin, and 
the latter all except thf gum. Wine is also 
sometimes employed, but very improperly ■ 
for as a solvent it can only act as a mixture 
of alcohol and water, and the principles 
which it leaves behind on evaporation are 
rather injurious than of advantage to the 
extract. 
Water is the menstruum most economi- 
cally employed in making extracts, as it is 
