PRE 
i5r three feet long ; whereof the holes at 
the two ends serve for nuts to the screws. 
Press, used by Inlayers, resembles the 
joiner’s press, except that the pieces of 
wood are thicker, and that only one of 
them is moveable ; the other, which is in 
form of a tressel, being sustained by two 
legs or pillars, jointed into it at each end. 
This press serves them for sawing and 
cleaving the pieces of wood required in 
marquetry or inlaid work. Founder’s Press 
is a strong square fiame, consisting of four 
pieces of wood, firmly jointed together with 
tenons, &c. This press is of various sizes, 
according to the sizes of the mould ; two of 
them are required to each mould, at the 
two extremes whereof they are placed ; 
so as that, by driving wooden wedges 
between the mould and the sides of the 
presses, the two parts of the mould wherein 
the metal is to be run may be pressed close 
together. Rolling-Press is a machine used 
for the taking off prints from copper plates. 
It is much less complex than that of the 
Letter-Printers. 
Press, in Coining, is one of the machines 
used in striking of money ; differing from 
the balance, in that it has only one iron bar 
to give it motion, and press the moulds 
or coins ; is not charged with lead at 
its extreme, nor drawn by cordage. See 
Coining. 
Press, Binder's Cutting, is a machine 
used equally by book-binders, stationers, 
and paste board makers ; consisting of two 
large pieces of wood, in form of cheeks, 
connected by two strong w'ooden screws ; 
which, being turned by an iron bar, draw 
together, or set asunder, the cheeks, as much 
as is ijecessary for the putting in the books 
or paper to be cut. The cheeks are placed 
lengthwise on a wooden stand, in the form 
of a chest, into which die cuttings fall. 
Aside of the cheeks are two pieces of wood, 
of the same length with the screws, serving 
to direct the cheeks, and prevent their 
opening unequally. Upon the cheeks the 
plough moves, to which the cutting-knife 
is fastened by a screw ; which has its key 
to dismount it on occasion, to be sharpened. 
The plough consists of several parts ; among 
the rest a wooden screw, or worm, which, 
catching within the nuts of the two feet that 
sustain it on the clteeks, brings the knife to 
the book or paper which is fastened in the 
press between two boards. This screw, 
which is pretty long, has two directories, 
which resemble those of the screws of the 
press. To make the plough slide square 
VOL. V. 
PRE 
and even on the cheeks, so tliat the knife 
may make an equal paring, that foot of the 
plough, where the knife is not fixed, slides 
in a kind of groove, fastened along one of 
the cheeks. Lastly, the knife is a piece of 
steel, six or seven inches long, flat, thin, 
and sharp, terminating at one end in a 
point, like that of a sword, and at the other 
in a square form, which serves to fasten it 
to the plough. See Book-Bindinc. 
As the long knives, used by us in the cut- 
ting of books or papers, arp apt to jump in 
the cutting thick books, the Dutch ate said 
to use circular knives, w'ith an edge all 
round; which not only cut more steadily, 
but last longer without grinding. Press, 
in the AVoollen Manufactory, is a large 
wooden machine, serving to press cloths, 
serges, rateens, &c. thereby to render 
them smooth and even, and to give them a 
gloss. This machine consists of several 
members ; the principal whereof are the 
cheeks, the nut, arid the worm or screw', 
accompanied with its bar, which serves to 
turn it round, and make it descend perpen- 
dicularly on the middle of a thick wooden 
plank, under which the stuffs to be pressed 
are placed. The Calender is also a kind of 
press, serving to press, or calender, linens, 
silks, &c. 
IVe shall now give an account of some 
presses much in use, and frorii which, as 
they are not to be found in books, w'e have 
taken original drawings. 
Press, hop, (Plate Press) a machine used 
in breweries for compressing bags of hops 
into a small compass, that they may take 
less room for the stowage. In the planta- 
tion where the hops are grow'n, (after being 
picked, dried, and made ready for sale) 
they are placed in an upper room which has 
a hole in the floor, the bag to receive them 
is hung in this hole, and the hops filled into 
it, a person gets into the bag when nearly 
full, and by his weight treads down the 
hops, that the bag may hold more than it 
otherwise would, the bag is then r emoved, 
and its mouth is sewed up. In this state, 
the bags go to market, and are sold to the, 
brewer, who conveys tliera to the brewery 
ready for use ; it is here the hops are pres- 
sed into a much smaller compass, as brew- 
eries are generally situated in large towns, 
whei-e warehouse-room is valuable, and 
where the saving of room amply compen- 
sates for the trouble of pressing. 
Fig. 1 and 2 are upright elevations, at 
right angles to each other, of a press tor 
packing hops into bags, made by Mr. Va- 
H h 
