QUADRANT, 
A TABLE OF THE REFRACTION OF THE HEAVENLY BODIES, 
TO EE SUBTRACTED FROM THE OBSERVED LATITUDE. 
Elevation 
of tlie Eye 
above the 
Sea, in ' 
feet. 
Dip of the 
Horizon 
- of the 
Sea. 
Appa- 
[■eniAl- 
titude. 
Refrac- 
tion. 
Appa- 
rent A1 
titude. 
Refrac- 
tion. 
Appa- 
rentAi- 
titude. 
Hefrac- 
tion. 
Appa- 
rentAl- 
tiiude. 
Refrac- 
tion. 
Appa- 
rentAJ. 
titude. 
Refrac- 
tion. 
0-1 
1-11 
0-1 
1-11 
0-1 
1-11 
0-1 
1-11 
0-1 
1-11 
1 
o'. 57" 
0 
33. 0 
4-50 
10.11 
10-30 
5. 0 
26-0 
1-56 
59.0 
0-34 
2 
1.21 
5 
32.10 
5- 0 
9.54 
10-45 
4.53 
27 
1-51 
60 
33 
3 
1.39 
10 
31.22 
5-10 
9.38 
11- 0 
4.47 
28 
.1-41 
61 
32 
4 
1.56 
15 
30.35 
5-20 
9.23 
11-15 
4.40 
29 
1-40 
62 
30 
5 
2. 8 
20 
29.50 
5-30 
9. 8 
11-30 
4.34 
30 
1-38 
63 
29 
6 
2.20 
30 
28.22 
5-40 
8.54 
11-45 
4.29 
31 
1-35 
64 
28 
7 
2.31 
32 
28. 5 
5-50 
8.41 
12- 0 
4.23 
32 
1-31 
65 
26 
8 
2.42 
36 
27.30 
6- 0 
8.28 
12-20 
4.16 
33 
1-28 
66 
•25 
9 
2.52 
40 
27. 0 
6-10 
8.15 
12-40 
4. 9 
34 
1-24 
67 . 
24 
10 
o* 1 
50 
25.42 
6-20 
8. 3 
13- 0 
4. 3 
35 
1-21 
68 
23 
12 
3.18 
1- 0 
24.29 
6-30 
7.51 
13-20 
3.57 
36 
1-28 
69 
22 
14 
3.24 
1-10 
23.20 
6-40 
• 7.40 
13-40 
3.51 
37 
1-16 
70 
21 
16 
3.49 
1-20 
22'.15 
6-50 
7.30 
14- 0 
3.45 
38 
1-13 
71 
19 
18 
4. 3 
1-30 
21.15 
7-0 
7.20 
14-20 
3.40 
39 
1-10 
72 
18 
20 
4.16 
1-40 
20.18 
7-10 
7.11 
1-4-40 
3.35 
40 
1- 8 
73 
17 
22 
4.28 
1-50 
19.25 
7-20 
7. 2 
15- 0 
3,30 
41 
1- 5 
74 
16 
24 
4.40 
2- 0 
18.35 
7-30 
6.53 
15-30 
3.24' 
42 
1- 3 
75 
15 
26 
4.52 
2-10 
17.48 
7-40 
6.45, 
16- 0 
3.17 
43 
1- 1 
76 
24 
28 
5. 3 
2-20 
17. 4 
7-50 
6.37 
16-30 
3.10 
44 
59 
77 
13 
30 
5.14 
2-30 
16.24 
8- 0 
6.29 
17- 0 
j, 4 
45 
57 
78 
12 
35 
5.39 
2-40 
15.45 
8-10 
6.22 
17-30 
2.59 
46 
55 
79 
11 
40 
6. 2 
2-50 
15. 9 
8-20 
6.15 
18- 0 
2.54 
47 
53 
80 
10 
45 
6.24 
3- 0 
14.36 
8-30 
6. 8 
18-30 
2.49 
48 
51 
81 
9 
60 
6.44 
3-10 
14. 4 
8-40 
6. 1 
19-0 
2.44 
49 
49 
82 
a 
60 
7.23 
3-20 
13.34 
8-50 
5.55 
19-30 
2.39 
50 
48 
83 
7 
70 
7.59 
3-30 
13. 6 
9- 0 
5.48 
20- 0 
2.35 
51 
46 
84 
6 
80 
8.32 
3-40 
12.40 
9-10 
5.42 
20-30 
2.31 
52 
44 
85 
5 
90 
9. 3 
3-50 
12.15 
9-20 
6.36 
21- 0 
2.27 
53 
43 
86 
4 
100 
9.33 
4- 0 
11.51 
9-30 
5.31 
21-30 
224 
54 
41 
87 
3 
4-10 
11.29 
9-40 
5.25 
22- 0 
2.20 
55 
40 
88 
2, 
11. 8 
9-50 
5.20 
23- 0 
2.14 
56 
38 
89 
1 
10.48 
10- 0 
5.15 
24- 0 
2. 7 
57 
37 
90 
0 
10.-29 
10.15 
5, 7 
25- 0 
2. 2 
58 
3.5 
The latitude of any place is its distance 
from the equator, either north dr south, and 
never can exceed ninety degrees. It is 
found by taking the altitude of the sun, or 
star, above the horizon, with a qnadranl, 
when on the meridian (i. e. due north, or 
south) of the place of observation. The me- 
ridian altitude, corrected for the dip of the 
horizon, and refraction, and sixteen miuntes, 
the sun’s semi-diameter added thereto, gives 
the altitude of his centre, which, being sub- 
tracted from 90“, gives the zenith-distance, 
or the number of degrees the centre of the 
object is from tlie point over your head ; 
with whicli, and knowing how far the ob- 
ject is to the north or south of the equator, 
which is called its declination, the latitude 
is found by the meridian altitude of any ce- 
lestial object, as follows : 
1. If the object be south when observed, 
call the zenith-distance, south ; and vice ver- 
sa. Then, if the zenith-distance, and tlie 
