the suit of the party injured, but likewise 
to fine and imprisonment at the suit ot the 
king. If goods are distrained without cause, 
or contrary to law, the owner may make 
rescue; but if they are once impounded, 
even though taken without any cause, the 
owner may not break the pound and take 
them out, for then they are in custody of 
the law. 
RESEDA, in botany, a genus of the 
Dodecandria Trigynia class and order. Na- 
tural order of Miscellane®. Capparides, 
Jussieu. Essential character: calyx one- 
leafed, parted; petals laciniate; capsule 
gaping at the mouth, one- celled. There 
are thirteen species ; none of these plants, 
except the R. odorata, sweet reseda, or 
mignonette, are cultivated in gardens, unless 
for the sake of variety, having little beauty 
to recommend them. The root of the mig- 
nonette is composed of many strong fibres, 
which run deep into the ground : it has se- 
veral stems, about a foot long, dividing Into 
many small branches; leaves oblong, of a 
deep green colour; the flowers are pro- 
duced in loose spikes at the ends of the 
branches, on long foot-stalks, having large 
calyxes ; the corollas are of an herbaceous 
white colour. It is supposed to be a native 
of Egypt. I 
RESIDENCE, is particularly used for 
the continuance of a parson or vicar on his 
benefice. By stat. 13 Elizabeth, c. 20, and 
divers other subsequent statutes, if any be- 
neficed clergyman be absent from his cure 
above fourscore days in one* year, he shall 
not only forfeit one year’s profit of his be- 
nefice, to be distributed among the poor of 
the parish, but all leases made by him of the 
profits of such benefice, and all covenants 
and agreements of like nature, shall cease 
and be void, except in the case of licensed 
plnralists, who are allowed to demise the 
living on which they are non-resident to 
their curates only. 
RESIDUAL figure, in geometry, the 
figure remaining after subtracting a lesser 
from a greater. 
Residual root, in algebra, a root com- 
posed of two parts or members, connected 
together by the sign — . Thus x — y is a 
residual root, so called, because its value is 
no more than tlie difference between its 
parts X and y. 
RESIDUARY Legatee, is he to whom 
the residue of a personal estate is given by 
will ; and such legatee being made executor 
with others, shall retain against the rest. 
If there is no residuary clause in. a will, all 
the property which is not particularly de- 
vised goes to the executor, if it is personal ; 
but, if real, to the heir. 
RESIGNATION, the giving up a beneJ 
fice into the hahds of the ordinary. Every 
person who resigns a benefice must make 
the resignation to his superior; as an in- 
cumbent to a bishop ; a bishop to an arch- 
bishop ; and an archbishop to the king, as 
supreme ordinary. 
RESINS. Resinous bodies form a very 
numerous class of vegetable substances. 
When volatile oils are exposed to the air, 
they become thick after a shorter or longer 
time, and are then found to be converted 
into a resin. The oil absorbs oxygen from 
the air, and is deprived'of part of its carbon, 
which combining with the oxygen of the 
atmosphere, forms carbonic acid. Resi- 
nous substances, therefore, are generally 
considered as volatile oils saturated with 
oxygen. The general properties of resinous 
substances are the following. They are 
solid, brittle, and commonly of a yellowish 
colour, with some degree of transparency. 
The taste, resembling volatile oils, is hot 
and acrid. They have no smell. The spe- 
cific gravity is from l.Ot to 1.22. All resi- 
nous bodies are electrics, and when excited 
by friction the electricity is negative ; hence 
it is called resinous electricity. They melt 
by being exposed to heat, and burn with a 
yellow flame, giving out a great quantity of 
smoke. Resins are insoluble in water. 
Resinous substances are soluble in nitric 
acid ; part is precipitated by the addition 
of water, and the whole by means of the 
alkalies. Witli the assistance of heat they 
are all soluble in alcohol, and in sulphuric 
ether. Resins are soluble in some of the 
fixed oils, and also in volatile oils. Resinous 
substances have been found to be soluble 
in the fixed alkalies. We shall enumerate 
some of the resins which are best known, 
and which have not already been described 
in separate articles. 
Rosin. This subrdance is extracted from 
different species of the fir, and the resinous 
matter obtained from it has received dif- 
ferent names. That procured from the 
pinus sylvestris is the common turpentine ; 
from the pinus larix, Wenice turpentine; 
and from the pinus balsamea, balsam of 
Canada. The turpentine is obtained by 
stripping the bark off the trees; a liquid 
juice flows out, which gradually hardens. 
This juice consists of oil of turpentine and 
rosin. By distilling the turpentine the, oil 
passes over, and the rosin remains behind* 
O 0 2 
