ROL 
same tim© and with the greatest accuracy 5 
these pivots are supported on bearings of 
brass, in the cheeks those of the lower 
roller, K, fit in the bottom of the mbrtices, 
a b, (fig. 1 and 3) through the cheeks, the 
upper ones, ee, are moveable, sliding up 
and down in the mortices by the action of 
the screw, d. The weight of the upper 
roller, when nothing is between the rollers, 
is sustained by an iron strap, m, at each end, 
embracing the pivots, and going through 
the brass bearing, e e. Its ends are tapped 
and have nuts screwed upon them to pre- 
vent their return through the ends of the 
collar, p, which fits in a groove cut round 
the screw, d, so that it cannot come off ; the 
collar is made in two halves, which are held 
together by the ends of the strap, n, going 
through both at the place where they over- 
lap each other; by this means the upper 
bearitigs are firmly connected with the 
screws to rise and fall with them ; and at the 
same time, the pivots of the upper roller 
are held up to their bearings by the straps, 
«, going under them. The end of the pivots 
of the rollers are -formed into squares be- 
yond the bearings, and the pivots of one 
end of each roller have two cog wheels, 
L M, fitted oil them, they are shown face- 
ways (in fig. 1) and are both alike, they 
cause the two rollers to move with an equal 
velocity; the other square, k, on the lower 
roller, is fitted into a box, M, by which it is 
joined to a strong sliaft, O, which commu- 
nicates a rotatory motion to the rollers. This 
shaft receives its power from a water- 
wheel, steam-engine, horses, or other first 
moving power : s is a small trough made of 
iron plate, punched full of holes, it is sup- 
plied with water by a pipe, n, and con- 
stantly drops a small quantity ofw'ater upon 
the rollers, and thus keeps them cool when 
they are rolling hot work : ic, is a bar of 
iron fixed between the two cheeks by 
wedges, the upper side is on a level with the 
top of the lower roller; a small distance 
above this is another iron bar, x, parallel to 
the former ; between these the article in- 
tended to be rolled is introduced to the 
rollers. 
Rolling mills are chiefly used for drawing 
out iron bars after they have been manufac- 
tured into bar iron by the forge hammer ; 
the rollers leave a smoother surface, and 
make a bar of more even thickness than the 
hammer can be made to do ; the iron hoops 
'for barrets are also made in this machine ; 
Its operation is exceeding simple, a furnace 
is placed close to the machine where the 
iron bars are to be rolled ; are heated to a 
ROM 
white heat; a workman stands between the 
furnace and the mill, and takes a bar from 
the furnace with a pair of pinchers, and 
puts its end between the bars, w and x, ad- 
vancing it forwards until the rollers take it 
between them and draw it forwards, spread- 
ing it as it goes both in length and breadth ; 
another workman, behind the machine, re- 
ceives the bar as it comes through, and con- 
veys it away to make room for the next. The 
small stream of water brought by the pipe, 
r, cools and hardens the iron as it is rolled 
without plunging in water. The rollers 
can be set nearer or further apart by turn- 
ing the screws, dd, to make thicker or 
thinner work. The iron will pass through 
the rollers at the rate of three and a half or 
four inches per second, and thus will do a 
great quantity of work ; but the power re- 
quired to turn them, when they have large 
and heavy work in them, is immense ; for the 
same reason the frame of the machine 
must be exceedingly strong and well put to- 
gether. 
ROLLS, are parchment, on which all 
the pleadings, memorials, and acts of courts 
are entered and filed with the proper ofiicer, 
and then they become records of the court. 
ROMAN Catholics, in church history, a 
name given to those Christians who believe 
the doctrines and submit to the discipline of 
the church of Rome. They are also called 
Papists, from papa, father, because the 
Bishop of Rome is not only styled supreme, 
but oecumenical, or universal bishop ; and 
they think they are entitled to the appella- 
tion of Catholics, because, as they assert, the 
Romish Church is not only a true church, 
but the only true church ; having all the 
marks of the true church : viz. unity, ho- 
liness, universality, and apostolicity. Whe- 
ther the Church of Rome has any exclusive 
right to these four assumed marks it is not 
our business to inquire. 
The Roman or Latin Church is a system 
of government, whose jurisdiction extends to 
a great part of the known world ; though its 
authority has been circumscribed within 
narrower limits since the era of the refor- 
mation ; and has been, particularly of late 
years, gradually decaying in every country 
in Europe. 
Of the origin of this most extraordinary 
power there are various accounts extant. It 
appears, however, that after the Roman 
Empire became Christian, it was greatly 
corrupted, till the empire fell, and made 
way for the dommion and grandeur of the 
Bishop of Rome, under whom the corrup- 
tion rose to an amazing height. Early in the 
