HOM 
’declares in one part of liis paper, that “ His 
Holinefs, unlike other princes, is invested 
with a tvvo-fold character, namely, of Sove- 
reign Pontiff, and of Temporal Sovereign, 
and has given repeated evidence that he 
cannot, by virtue of this second qualifica- 
tion, enter upon engagements which would 
lead to results militating against his first and 
most important office, and injuring the reli- 
gion of which he is the head, the propa- 
gator, and the avenger.” 
The French Emperor had declared, that 
in case the Pope would not accede to his 
demands, he would seize upon the temporal 
dominions of the Holy See. 1.0 whicli his 
Holiness replies, that “ If, in spite of all this, 
his Majesty .shall take possession, as he has 
threatened, of the papal dominions, respect- 
ed by all even the most powerful monarchy, 
during a space often centuries and upwards, 
and shall overturn the goverment, his Holi- 
ness will be unable to prevent this spolia- 
tion; and can only in bitter affliction of 
heart, lament the evil which his Majesty 
will commit in the sight of God, trusting 
in whose protection, his Holiness will re- 
main in perfect tranquillity, enjoying the 
consciousness of not having brought on this 
disaster by imprudence or by contumacy, 
but to preserve the independence of that 
sovereignty which he ought to transmit 
uninjured to his successors, as he received 
it; and to maintain in its integrity, that 
conduct which may secure the universal 
concurrence of all princes, so necessary to 
the welfare of religion.” What the final 
result of these negotiations will be time 
only can determine ; this, however, is cer- 
tain, at present, that the Roman Pontiff 
has lost his power and authority in France. 
Nor are his prospects much more favouraltle 
in other countries. There is scarcely a 
Catholic State in Europe that does not 
every year relax in its observance of the 
Romish laws, and in obedience to the Holy 
See. The terrors of the Inquisition no 
longer exist ; the thunders of the Vatican 
are ceased or disregarded; some of the 
most offensive maxims of popery are not 
only destroyed by the liberal spirit of the 
times, but even publicly disavowed by nu- 
merous and respectable bodies of Catholics : 
in short, little now remains of the Romish 
faith and practice, especially in our own 
country, that ought to give serious offence 
to liberal Protestants of the Church of Eng- 
land ; there is indeed nothing remaining 
among these people of a nature dangerous 
to the peace and Irappiness of the eommu- 
nity at large. 
HOP 
The question concerning the Catholit; 
Emancipation in this country and in Ire- 
land, being as yet undecided, we must omit 
any further notice of it ; at the same time 
most ardently longing that the period may 
soon commence, when no difference of opi- 
nion whatever, no variation in our worship, 
shall prove a barrier to the full exercise of 
all those rights, both civil and religious, to 
which all men are born, and to which all 
good and peaceable men have an equal 
claim. See Papists. 
RONDELETIA, in botany, so named 
in honour of Guilleaume Rondelet, a famous 
physician and natural historian, of Montpe- 
lier; a genus of the Pentandria Monogynia 
class and order. Natural order of Rubia- 
ceae, Jussieu. ' Essential character: corolla 
funnel-shaped ; capsule two- celled, inferior, 
many-,seeded, roundish, crowned. There 
are fourteen species. 
ROOD, a quantity of land equal to forty 
square perches, or the fourth part of an 
acre. 
ROOT, in mathematics, a quantity con- 
sidered as the basis or foundation of a higher 
power ; or one which, being multiplied in- 
to itself any number of times, produces a 
square, cubic, biquadratic, &c. quantity ; 
called the second, tliird, fourth, &c. power 
of the root, or quantity, so mutiplied into 
itself : thus a is the square root ot a x a, or 
; and 4 the square root of 4x4=16. 
Again, a is the cube root of a X a X a = ; 
and 3 the cube root of 3 X 3 X 3 = 27 : 
and so on. The roots of powmrs ar^x- 
pressed by placing the radical sign \/ over 
them, with a number denoting what kind of 
root they are : thus the square or second 
root of 16 is expressed by .^16, and the 
cube or third ropt of 27 by 27 ; and, in 
general, the n* root of a, raised to the 
pow’er, m, is expressed by a®. When 
the root of a compound quantity is w'anted, 
the vinculum of the radical sign must be 
drawn over the whole : thus the square 
root of -j- 2 a 6 -j- 6^ is expressed by 
v/a^ -j- 2 a 6 -j- 6^ ; and it ought to be ob- 
served, that when the radical sign has no 
number above it, to denote what root is 
wanted, the square root is alw'ays meant ; 
as v^^or a/TSI is the square root of a^, 
or the square root of 1 6. 
ROPE, hemp, hair, &c. «pun into a thick 
yarn, and then several strings of this yarn 
twisted together by means of a wheel- 
When made very small, it is called a cord, 
and when very thick, a cable. All the dif- 
ferent kinds of this manufacture, from » 
