ROY 
swered, “ the rounds,” he who has the word 
advances, and the corporal receives it with 
his sword pointed to the giver’s breast. In 
strict garrison, the rounds go every quarter 
of an hour. 
ROUSSEA, in botany, so named in me- 
mory of the celebrated Jean Jacques Rous- 
seau ; a genus of the Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia class and order. Essential character : 
calyx four-leaved ; corolla one petalled, bell- 
shaped, four-cleft, inferior ; berry quadran- 
gular, many-seeded. There is but one spe- 
cies, viz. R. simplex, this is a small climb- 
ing shrub, found by Commerson in the 
island of St. Mauritius. 
ROXBURGHIA, in botany, so named 
in hpnour of William Roxburgh, M. D ; a 
genus of the Octandria Moiiogynia class 
and order. Essential character : calyx four- 
leaved ; corolla four-petalled, inwardlj keel- 
ed ; nectary four, awl-shaped ; leaflets on 
the apex of the keel of the petals, converg- 
ing; anthers linear, sessile in the grooves of 
the keel; capsule one celled, two-valved; 
seeds many, inserted in a spongy recepta- 
cle. There is but one species, viz. R. glo- 
riofoides, a native of Coromandel, in moist 
valleys, between the mountains, flowering 
in the cold season. It is the Canipoo Tiga 
of the Telingas. 
Royalties, are the rights of the 
King. See PrehogjVtive. 
ROYAL Exchange. The term royal, ap- 
plied to the Exchange of London, origi- 
nated with Queen Elizabeth, a princess 
who, though tinctured with the arbitrary 
prejudices of her time, deserves the grate- 
ful remembrance of her countrymen for 
many wise and extremely beneficial acts, 
equally contributing to increase the politi- 
cal and commercial prosperity of England. 
The word Exchange is certainly impro- 
perly apidl'®d to a building in which the act 
of exchanging or bartering takes place ; but 
we are not the only people who thus mis- 
use the appellation, as many towns on the 
Continent have their Places de Change. 
We know nothing ihore of the Bourse (sy- 
nonimous with Exchange) frequented by 
the merchants of Lhndon before the reign 
of Elizabetli, except that it was situated in 
Lombard Street. It is, however, reason- 
able to suppose, that it was too inconsider- 
able in its extent, or had become ruinous 
by that period, as Sir Thomas Gresham then 
entertained thoughts of exerting his influ- 
ence to render his fellow- citizens ari essential 
service, and at the same time improve his 
own property. ' 
ROY 
It is singular, that a people celebrated 
for their commercial enterprize from the 
very foundation of their metropolis, should 
have proceeded through many centuries, 
contented with transacting their business at ' 
casual and uncertain meetings, when it 
seems so obvious to their posterity that a 
rallying point is absolutely necessary where 
a trader may, at a fixed and certain hour, 
see and converse with those connected vyith 
him in commerce, and meet with purcha- 
sers for his commodities. 
There cannot exist a doubt, tliat numbers 
of the citizens of London felt the necessity 
for an established and convenient Exchange, 
which may be supposed from the faint at- 
tempt made in Lombard Street, and which 
might have suggested the plan afterwards 
executed by Gresham, whose very exten- 
sive concerns made him more particularly 
sensible of the deficiencies of London in 
this instance. The circumstances attending 
the founding of the original Exchange on 
the present scite, has contributed to convey 
all the honour of the undertaking to Sir 
Thomas, when, in truth, he was only an ac- 
tive partner in that honour ; as it is an in- 
disputable fact, that the Corporation of 
London purchased, at the expense of the 
city, not less than eighty houses, and the 
ground on which they stood, for the sum of 
four thousand pounds : these they ordered 
to be taken down, and the earth prepared 
for building a magnificent structure. 
It will be perceived from this statement, 
that the collective body of the citizens was 
by no means deficient in their wishes to se- 
cond the views of Gresham, who engaged 
to erect the Exchange at his own expense, 
and the parties were mutually to enter into 
conveyances of the ground and building to 
each other, that their descendants and suc- 
cessors might for ever possess a joint and 
equal property in the subsequent profits of 
the concern. This covenant was faithfully 
complied with by the Corporation, but Sir 
Thomas neglected to execute his part of it. 
Hence, it must be admitted, that the latter 
has no claim to the exclusive gratitude of 
the natives of London ; on the contrary, 
it is very evident, the patriotism of the act 
should be divided between the then Lord 
Mayor, Alderman, and Council, and Gre- 
sham ; with this admission in his favour, 
that it is more than probable the Corpora- 
tion would never of themselves haye confer- 
red ail Exchange on the city they governed. i 
Sir Thomas laid the first stone of the edi- 
fice on the seventh day of June, 1566, which 
