SHEAK — INTELLIGENCE OF THE ORANG-UTAN 
51 
why he was doing this, as he was not in the habit of taking off his clothes 
without permission. With the slow and deliberate movements so 
characteristic of this ape, he carefully removed the garment, poked it 
through the bars of the cage, swung it out till it dropped over the wal- 
nut, rolled the nut to within reach, secured it with his hand, then after 
he had cracked the shell with his teeth and eaten the kernel, he just 
as deliberately and carefully put the sweater on again. 
Joe did not like to take medicine. Mr. Joseph Edwards tried to 
give him some pills by putting them into the tip end of a banana. But 
he discovered them in his mouth and picked them out. He looked at 
the pills, and then he looked at Mr. Edwards, with an expression of re- 
proach and incredulity upon his face, as if he could not believe that his 
loving master could serve him such a scurvy trick. For a considerable 
time after that, whenever he was given a banana, he broke off the tip 
and threw it away or gave it to one of the little monkeys. In his final 
sickness he was treated by a skilled physician. It was necessary to 
give him an injection. On the third visit he amazed the man of medi- 
cine by getting ready for the treatment just as soon as he saw the syr- 
inge. The doctor declared that this was more than he could expect 
from his human patients. 
I have seen the white-handed gibbon (Hylohates lar) run and de- 
liberately walk, on the posterior limbs, and as perfectly upright as 
man. This without any teaching. But aside from the gibbons, the 
apes rarely do this. When on the ground they swing themselves along 
by putting down the knuckles and using the long arms as a pair of 
crutches. However, a big male orang-utan that died in the Philadelphia 
zoological garden in the fall of 1918, was in the habit of doing so. On 
several occasions I saw him walk about his cage, without using his 
arms, either on the floor or by holding to a support, and as perfectly 
erect as a man. Keeper McCrossen declared he had not been taught. 
This is very difficult for the orang to do, on account of the very im- 
perfect sigmoid flexure of the spinal column. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
