BARBOUR AND ALLEN — WHITE-TAILED DEER 
69 
northern deer are slightly more tawny in summer without the darkening of black- 
ticked hair on the back, it may prove on examination of larger series that the 
difference is less than supposed. 
In regard to the use of the specific name virginianus of Zimmermann instead 
of americanus credited to Erxleben (1777), it seems perfectly clear that the latter 
did not intend his adjectival use of americanus as a new name; nor does it occur 
in the same typographical form as the new names proposed in the same work 
(see J. A. Allen, 1900, p. 318; 1902, pp. 15, 18; W. H. Osgood, 1902, p. 87; O. Thomas, 
1913, p. 585, footnote). Pennant, in his brief account of the “Virginian Deer,” 
(the basis of Zimmermann’s name) refers to Lawson’s and Catesby’s accounts 
of the natural history of the Carolinas, and quotes Ray’s Dama virginiana, which 
no doubt was adopted by Zimmermann in turn. His figure of the antlers is 
unmistakable, though portions of his text seem to refer rather to the caribou. 
Specimens examined: 
Maryland: Cumberland, 3 (skulls). 
Virginia: No locality, 1 (skull); Appomattox River, 1 (skull); Claremont, 
1 (skull); Highland County, 1 (skull); Hot Springs, 1 (skull); Richmond, 1 
(skull); Rowleysburg, 1 (skull); Winchester, 1 (skull). 
West Virginia: Meadow Creek Mountain, 1 (skull). 
North Carolina: Halifax, 1 (skull); Halifax County, 1 (skull). 
South Carolina: Colleton County, 2 (skulls); Georgetown, 1 (skin); Green 
Pond,^ 1 (skull). 
Georgia: Cumberland Island, 7 (skulls). 
Alabama: Mount Vernon Barracks, 1 (skull); Orange Beach, 1 (skull); Ten- 
saw River, 1 (skull). 
Florida: Eastern Florida, 1 (skull); Big Cypress 25 miles southeast of Lake 
Trafford, 1 (skull) ; Brevard County, Kissimmee Prairie, 3 (skulls) ; New Smyrna, 
1 (skull) ; Palm Beach et vie., 6 (skulls, one with headskin) and 3 pairs of antlers 
vath frontlets; Sebastian, 1 (skull). 
Kentucky: Big Bone Lick, shed antler. 
Odocoileus virginianus borealis Miller 
NORTHERN VIRGINIA DEER 
Odocoileus americanus borealis Miller, Bull. N. Y. State Mus., vol. 38, p. 83, 
October, 1900. 
Type. — Adult male, skin and skull, 4999 Mus. Comp. Zool. (Bangs Coll.), from 
Bucksport, Maine, December 12, 1895. 
Diagnosis: Similar to typical virginianus but summer pelage redder, the feet 
usually with conspicuous fringe of white hair between the toes; size on the average 
a very little larger; antlers usually coming off from forehead at a greater angle 
giving a slightly flatter spread, with less tendency for the tips of the beams to 
converge. Upper cheek teeth average 83 mm. 
Color. — A fawn in full spotted coat (14913 M. C. Z. from Tupper Lake, Adiron- 
dacks. New York, August 25) is clear “tawny” on the upper neck, back and 
dorsal surface of tail, paling to a light “cinnamon” on ventral surface of neck, 
on the limbs and lateral line; ears mixed grayish externally. It is much more 
