BARBOUR AND ALLEN — WHITE-TAILED DEER 
71 
the southern ones available for comparison is that the former have a conspicuous 
white fringe between the toes, lacking in most southern specimens. 
Where borealis intergrades with virginianus and where the southern border 
of its range may be traced are still matters for further investigation. Probably 
in the range of borealis should be included all of New England and at least north- 
ern New York, west to Ontario, northern Wisconsin and Minnesota (Cory, 1912). 
Whether the deer originally indigenous to southern Connecticut and those of 
southern New York (Long Island) are better referred to virginianus we are not 
prepared to say. Rhoads considers the larger deer of Pennsylvania borealis. 
Skulls from Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, 
and northern and east-central Florida are certainly to be considered typical of 
virginianus. The westward limits of both forms and the exact status of the 
races macrourus and louisiance are still matters requiring further study. 
Weight. — Large deer in winter coat will generally w^eigh over 200 lbs., and 
exceptional individuals considerably exceed this. 
Specimens examined . — 
Massachusetts: Lee, 1 (skull). 
Maine: Locality indefinite, 3 (skulls); vicinity of Upton, 33 (skulls); Bucks- 
port, 4 (2 skins and skulls including type). 
New York: Big Tupper Lake, 11 (including 6 skins with skulls). 
Ontario: 2 (skulls). 
Odocoileus virginianus osceola (Bangs) 
FLORIDA DEER 
Cariacus osceola Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 10, p. 26, February, 
1896. 
Type. — A young adult female, skin and skull 2394 M. C. Z. (Bangs Coll.) from 
Citronelle, Citrus County, Florida, December 29, 1893. 
Diagnosis. — In its extreme form, slightly smaller in cranial dimensions, but 
with tooth rows practically as long as in virginianus ; general bulk of body con- 
siderably less, the antlers much reduced in size; upper cheek teeth 72-77 mm. 
Remarks. — In describing the small deer of Florida as a distinct race, Mr. Bangs 
had unfortunately no specimens from the type locality of virginianus for com- 
parison. Of his original series two, including the type, are females decidedly 
undersized, one of them indeed abnormal in wholly lacking the third upper molar 
on the right side while the corresponding one on the left side lacks the hypocone, 
so that the tooth is triangular in outline rather than quadrilateral. The two 
adult males of the series on the other hand, one from Citronelle, the other from 
Blitche’s Ferry, Citrus County, are good-sized animals, fully as large as typical 
virginianus from farther north. Indeed, it would be perfectly fair to consider the 
entire series as representing virginianus and to make osceola a synonym of it. The 
series of skulls from Chokoloskee, in extreme southwestern Florida, however, 
indicates unquestionably a valid race in that part of the peninsula, characterized 
by its very much reduced antlers, slightly smaller skull, and light weight. For 
the present, therefore, it seems better to restrict the name osceola to these small 
deer of southern Florida, and to assume in lack of evidence to the contrary that 
