192 
JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY 
moral codes, and .... on the average they live up to them better than 
men do to theirs.” ‘‘The crimes of captive animals are many, but the crimes of 
free wild animals are comparatively few.” In his discussion of the play of ani- 
mals Hornaday expresses a commendable wish when he says, “Very sincerely do 
we wish that at least one of the many romance writers who are so industriously 
inventing wild-animal blood-and-thunder stories would do more work with his 
eyes and less with his imagination.” 
The concluding paragraphs of this interesting and stimulating volume are 
worth quoting as the mature conclusions of one who knows wild animals with an 
intimacy possessed by few other men living or dead. He says: 
“On one side of the heights above the River of Life stand the men of this little 
world, — the fully developed, the underdone, and the unbaked, in one struggling 
seething mass. On the other side, and on a level but one step lower down, stands 
the vanguard of the long procession of ‘Lower’ Animals, led by the chimpanzee, 
the orang and the gorilla. The natural bridge that almost spans tbe chasm lacks 
only the keystone of the arch. Give the apes just one thing — >speech, — -and the 
bridge is closed! 
“Take away from a child its sight, speech and hearing, and the whole world 
is a mystery, which only the hardest toil of science and education ever can reveal. 
Give back hearing and sight, without speech, and even then the world is only 
half available. Give a chimpanzee articulate expression and language, and no 
one could fix a limit to his progress. Take away from a man the use of one lobe 
of his brain, and he is rendered speechless. 
“The great Apes have travelled up the River of Life on the opposite side from 
Man, but they are only one lap behind him. Let us not deceive ourselves about 
that. Remember that truth is inexorable in its demand to be heard. 
“We need not rack our poor, finite minds over the final problem of evolution, 
or the final destiny of Man and Ape. We cannot prove anything beyond what 
we see. We do not know, and we never can know, whether the chimpanzee has 
a ‘soul’ or not; and we cannot prove that the soul of man is immortal. If man 
possesses a soul of lofty stature, why not a soul of lowly stature for the chimpan- 
zee? We do not know just where ‘heaven’ is; and we cannot know until we find 
it. But what does it all matter on earth, if we keep to the straight path, and 
rest our faith upon the Great Unseen Power that we call God? Said the great 
Poet of Nature in his ode ‘To a Waterfowl,’ 
“ ‘He who from zone to zone 
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight. 
In the long way that I must tread alone 
Will lead my steps aright.’ ” 
This is a work that will be received with approval neither by the “behavior- 
ists” who insist that to know an animal’s mind it must be subjected to laboratory 
tests utterly foreign to its usual life-experiences, nor by the orthodox psychologist 
who looks upon the human mind as differing in kind from that of lower forms. 
But to the lover of wild animals in their native haunts it has an appeal that defies 
over-statement. It is a continuous invitation to come out into the wilds and see 
for one’s self. Doctor Hornaday is to be thanked for having given to naturalists 
such an interesting and trustworthy account of the results of his many years of 
association with the life of animals. 
'H. H. Lane. 
