RECENT LITERATURE 
269 
viewer, who has critically studied these so-called Jurassic mammals, that Gregory’s 
theory has been based largely, at least, on a wholly erroneous conception of the 
true structure of the upper molars of Dryolestes. Happily, however, the truth or 
falsity of Gregory’s deductions in this regard do not materially affect the broader 
proposition of the derivation of modern mammalian molar teeth from the ancient 
tritubercular-tuberculosectorial type of teeth. 
Part II is primarily an introduction to the study of the evolution of the teeth in 
the Primates and deals at length with the origin and early development of this 
great order, while the taxonomic position of its earliest known representatives is 
discussed. The author here reaffirms his former classification of the Primates in 
which he placed the Eocene notharctids definitely in the “Lemuroidea” as 
opposed to Wortman’s disposition of this group, which the latter concluded were 
true anthropoids, but no new evidence is added in support of this affirmation. 
In this part also are presented the principal steps leading from the primitive 
mammalian tooth structure to the primitive primate dentition. 
Part III is devoted almost entirely to a study of the dental structure and other 
anatomical modifications of the so-called large-eyed, short-jawed primates, 
including the Eocene members of the Tarsioidea, and the South American 
monkeys, in respect to the possible origin of their living representatives. In this 
connection the author has made a special study of the various groups of South 
American monkeys with reference to their possible bearing on the problem of the 
origin of man. 
The same general discussion is continued in Part IV, which deals principally 
with Old World monkeys and apes. In this section are reviewed and discussed the 
anthropoids of the Miocene and Pliocene and their supposed modem descendants, 
especially in their more immediate relation to the orgin of the human race and the 
development of the human dentition. It is concluded from these studies that man 
*‘has been derived from the Dryopithecus group of the Simiidae in the late Tertiary,” 
In Part V the author discusses fully the later stages in the evolution of the 
human teeth and considers more in detail the dental characters of extinct races 
of men, comparing them critically with those of the anthropoid apes. This is 
followed by a conspectus of the species and chief races of the Hominidse. At the 
end of Part V the author concludes with a final summary of the whole work in 
which he outlines “twenty-six stages in the ascent of man and in the evolution of 
the human dentition.” 
— J. W. Gidley. 
Underwood, William Ljrman. Wild Brothee. Boston; The Atlantic Monthly 
Press. 12mo, pp. i-xi, 1-140, 39 plates. 1921. 
On January 23, 1903, in the woods of northern Maine a cook from a logging 
camp shot a black bear in a den under a large dead pine tree, and by this act 
made orphan a naked, week-old cub. This little cub becomes ‘^Bmno,” the W ild 
Brother, of Doctor Underwood’s story. We read how he is adopted by a kind- 
hearted woman and nursed at her breast as foster brother to her little girl ; and 
how he becomes a burden to his foster parents and is taken to the home of Pro- 
fessor Underwood at Belmont. And then his behavior and pranks at Belmont 
are revealed to us in a most interesting manner. For example, we read: . 
Down in the garden one day I found a large fat toad, and when Bruno was at lunch 
