SOWERBY — BEARS OF EASTERN ASIA 
219 
mm. 
Length of upper posterior molar 24.0 
Width of same 14.5 
These measurements show that the Himalayan black bear has a 
wider and deeper skull than the Manchurian form, and wider than the 
Moupin form, though the muzzle and palate are narrower. The lower 
jaw is very much heavier, but has smaller teeth. Another noticeable 
feature is that the cranial outline of the Himalayan form is more con- 
vex, dorsally, than that of the Manchurian form. In external char- 
acters the two species thihetanus and ussuricus are much alike, except 
that the latter seems to have longer hair on the sides of the head and 
neck. 
The very small size of the upper posterior molar is interesting, as 
the following table of measurements of this tooth in the various species 
shows that it increases in size in the species from west to east. 
1. Himalayan skull 9 24 mm. x 14.5 mm. 
2. Moupin skull cf 28 mm. x 15.5 mm. 
3. Kirin skull 9 27 mm. x 15 mm. 
4. Kirin skull cf 30 mm. x 16 mm. 
5. Kamschatka skull (Imm.) 31 mm. x 16 mm. 
The Shanghai bought skull, a male, has this tooth measuring 25 mm. 
X 15 mm., which, allowing for a corresponding difference between male 
and female in the species to which it belongs, such as exists in ussuricus, 
we must conclude represents a species with an even smaller posterior 
molar than thihetanus. 
Habitat: — The range of this bear apparently extends from Nepal, 
throughout the Himalayas into Southern Tibet. 
2. Selenarctos mupinensis Heude 
Selenarctos mupinensis, Heude, Mem. cone. I’Hist. Nat. de PEmp. Chin., vol. 
V, p. 2, pi. II, figs. 1, 2, 9, 1901. 
Type: — An adult male in the Sikawei Museum, Shanghai. 
Type locality: — Moupin (N. W. Ssii-chuan and E. Tibet). 
There can be little doubt that the black bear from Moupin is distinct 
from the Himalayan form on the one hand and the Manchurian form 
on the other. Its skull is narrower than in thihetanus, the same or 
slightly broader than in ussuricus; while the upper posterior molar is 
larger than in thihetanus and smaller than in ussuricus. 
Habitat: — The range of this species appears to be N. W. Ssu-chuan, 
S. W. Kausu, and E. Tibet. 
