222 
JOUENAL OF MAMMALOGY 
chatka,^ and southward into North Corea. Its northern limit does 
not appear to have been determined, but it extends at least into the 
Amur country, though Schrenck did not record it in his great work on 
that region. 
5. Selenarctos japonicus (Schlegel) 
Ursus japonicus, Schlegel, Handl. Beaef. Dierk. I, p. 42, 1857. 
Selenarctos japonicus (Schlegel) Heude, Mem. cone. I’Hist. Nat. de FEmp. Chin., 
vol. II, p. 2, pi. II, figs. 5, 6, & 7, 1901. 
Type locality: — Japanese Islands. 
Heude figures in his Memoires, the skull of a bear from Japan, which 
he refers to SchlegeFs japonicus. This undoubtedly represents the 
Japanese black bear, at once distinguishable from the mainland forms 
of Selenarctos by the extreme (for the genus) narrowness of the skull. 
In this it approaches the Ursus group, and is so like the skull labelled 
leuconyx from Pao-chi, Shensi, that Heude and Courtois both classed 
the latter with Selenarctos. A more careful examination of the respec- 
tive skulls revealed the fact that the leuconyx one was longer in the 
muzzle, and really belonged to Ursus. 
It is interesting to note that the broadest skulls in this group, with 
the exception of that of Selenarctos formosanus (Swinh.) our next species, 
which is broader than any other, occur in the extreme west of the 
known range of the genus, and the narrowest in the extreme east, the 
intermediate forms, mupinensis, and ussuricus being intermediate in 
this respect. 
As regards the color and external characters Sclater (P. Z. S., 1862, 
p. 261) wrote concerning some bears of this species in the London 
Zoological Gardens at the time: 
Our specimens, the largest of which must be nearly full grown 
are barely two thirds the size of Ursus torquatus. The very distinct white gular 
band of Ursus torquatus is only represented in Ursus japonicus by a slight unde- 
fined whitish line, which seems likely to wholly disappear. The muzzle is also 
much blacker in U . japonicus than in U . torquatus; and instead of the promi- 
nent bushy cheeks of U . torquatus, the Japanese species appears to have the 
face clothed only with short hairs, as in Ursus americanus. 
He also remarks that S. japonicus appears to be intermediate be- 
tween the Himalayan black bear and the American black bear, a fact 
also born out by the skull of S. japonicus. 
Habitat: — The Japanese Islands. 
3 Corroborative evidence of the existence of this type of bear in Kamschatka 
is lacking. 
