SOWEEBY — BEAES OF EASTEEN ASIA 
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of skins of brown bears from Manchuria, and can say that they are 
brown, usually a good deal darker than that of Ursus collaris Cuv., 
and are without the brown patch encircling the eye. The color is not 
so dark as in U. heringtanus Midd. from Great Shantar Island (not the 
Bering region), and still less dark than that of Spelceus piscator (Puch.) 
from Kamschatka, with which it and U. heringianus might be, and 
apparently have been confused. 
The skull of U. mandchuricus, as exemplified by the Sikawei speci- 
men, is very heavy and rugged, with a fairly straight cranial outline, 
rising but slightly at the forehead. The muzzle is shorter and broader 
than in the skulls of the next genus, Spelceus, though less deep. 
Judging from the size of the skull in the Sikawei Museum the species 
must be a very large one, a fact also born out by the large size of good 
Manchurian skins. 
Habitat: — The range of this species probably extends from the 
Ussuri northward and westward, embracing the Amur Valley, and 
possibly extending into Eastern Siberia and Kamschatka. 
13. Ursus yesoensis Lydekker 
Ursus arctus yesoensis Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, pp. 422-423, fig. 
Type in the British Museum collections. 
Type locality: — Hakodate, Yezo. 
In 1897 Lydekker described a bear from Hakodate under the name 
Ursus arctus yesoensis, giving a figure of a skull. In 1901 Pere Courtois 
in volume V of the M moires confused this bear with Heude’s melan- 
arctos, which belongs to our next group. As Lydekker states distinctly 
that his yesoensis is a brown bear, while Heude states equally emphati- 
cally that melanarctos is pure and deep black, it is obvious that the 
two forms are distinct. The skull figured by Lydekker does not agree 
with the characters of melanarctos, and is, in effect that of a true brown 
bear. It has a very convex cranial outline. 
Habitat: — The island of Yezo, N. Japan; possibly also Saghalin 
Island. 
14. Ursus heringianus Middendorff 
Ursus arctos var. beringiana Middendorff, Reis. im. den auss. Nord. u. Ost. 
Sibir., vol. I, pt. H, pi; 1, 1851. 
Type locality: — Great Shantar Island. 
The skull of the bear from the Bering region in the Sikawei Museum 
agrees, as far as I could make out, with those of true Ursus; but there 
