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JOUKNAL OF MAMMALOGY 
15. Spelaeus melanarctos (Heude) 
Ursus melanarctos Heude, Mem. cone. THist. Nat. de PEmp. Chin., vol. IV, 
pp. 17-18, pi. VIII, figs. 1-lc, & pi. VII, figs. 2-2a, 1898. 
Type: — A skull in Sikawei Museum, Shanghai. 
Type locality: — Yezo, N. Japan. 
This was the first of the two species to be discovered. It occurs in 
the island of Yezo, where Heude emphatically declares three species 
of bear occur, namely melanarctos, yesoensis, and japonicus. He dis- 
tinguishes melanarctos as being of an intense black, with no light 
markings at all. The skull is large and heavy, with a longer and 
proportionately narrower muzzle than in the true Ursus group. The 
forehead is high, giving the profile of the skull a concave outline. 
Heude's description is very meagre, and so far as I am aware no other 
publication on this animal occurs, excepting that in volume V, of the 
‘^Memoires,” in which Courtois confuses this bear with Lydekker’s 
Ursus yesoensis. 
Habitat: — Yezo Island, N. Japan. 
16. Spelaeus cavifrons (Heude) 
Melanarctos cavifrons Heude, Mem. cone. THist. Nat. de I’Emp. Chin., vol. V, 
pt. 1, p. 1, pi. I, figs. 6-8, 1901. 
Type: — A skull in the Sikawei Museum, Shanghai. 
Type locality: — Tgi-tgi Har (Tsi-tsi-har), N. W. Manchuria. 
This bear is very distinct from any of the other mainland forms. 
It is distinguishable from Ui'sus mandchuricus , which it resembles in 
size, by its high forehead, narrower and deeper muzzle, black pelage, 
and coarse hair. 
While in the I-mien-p’o district of North Kirin, I secured a speci- 
men of a bear which can only be referred to this species. The skull 
agrees very closely with Heude’s figure. As Heude’s description is 
not as full as it might be, I give the following account of my specimen. 
Fully adult cf. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 199683. Collector’s number, 722. Lo- 
cality, 20 miles north of I-mien-p’o, N. Kirin, Manchuria. Alt. 700 ft. Shot 
October 8th, 1914. Presented to the United States National Museum by Mr. 
R. S. Clark. 
Measurements in the flesh. Length of head and body, 79 inches; tail, 5.5 
inches; hind foot (s. u.), 10.2 inches; ear, 6 inches. 
Color: Generally black, merging into brown on the muzzle; brownish on the 
head; a band of slightly lighter color over the shoulders, owing to hairs being 
