SOWERBY — BEARS OF EASTERN ASIA 
231 
of a light chestnut color at their bases; no light or white crescent on the chest. 
The light color across the shoulders is significant as will be shown further on. 
Hair very coarse, with little under-wool. 
Skull 
inches 
Greatest length 16.0 
Greatest width 9.25 
Inter-orbital space 3.47 
Greatest width of cranium 4.25 
Greatest height of parietal ridge 1.5 
Depth of muzzle 3.5 
Width of muzzle 3.47 
Length of lower jaw 11.0 
Depth of lower jaw at posterior molar 2.25 
Depth of lower jaw at angle. 6.75 
Width of palate 2.5 
Teeth: Upper jaw, 3 molars, 2 premolars, 1 canine, and 3 incisors. 
Lower jaw, 3 molars, 2 premolars, 1 canine, and 3 incisors. 
This bear is a large animal, and owing to its high forehead, and 
deep muzzle and jaws, of a peculiarly savage appearance. In life the 
shoulders appear high. 
Little is known of the habits of the species. The specimen I shot 
was very savage and tried repeatedly to attack me after receiving the 
first shot. The native Russians and Chinese greatly fear this animal, 
as it has been known to kill and devour hunters. They say it does not 
hibernate like the black bear. The stomach of my specimens con- 
tained nothing but acorns. The animal was estimated to weigh some- 
thing over 600 lbs., but it was in very poor condition compared with 
what bears usually are in the autumn. It is known to the Chinese as 
Hua Yao-tzu, meaning ‘pied kidneys.’ 
Habitat: — The range of this species probably extends throughout 
the forested areas of Manchuria and neighbouring regions. I heard of 
an animal that answered its description in South Kirin, North Corea, 
and on the Lower Sungari. Heude’s specimen came from Tsi-tsi-har 
some distance to the north-west of Harbin in the valley of the Nonni 
Ho, in Dauria. 
17. Spelaeus piscator (Pucheran) 
Ursus 'piscator Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1855, p. 392. 
Type: — No type; the species was based on a figure given by I. Geoffroy St. 
Hilaire in the Zoology of the Voyage of the Venus, Mamm. t. 4, as Ursus 
arctos var. du Kamschatka. 
Locality : — ^Kamschatka. 
