20 
CEETACEOUS BRACIIIOPODA 
form there certainly appears to be little diiTerencc between the two, but it seems 
to me probable that Davidson included in bis suloifera also specimens wbicb belong 
to D’Orbigny’s clispaviUs ; at least some Erencb and English specimens com- 
monly called sulcifera unmistabably belong to D’Orbigny’s species. 
Locality. — The typical Inplicata occurs only in the grey or reddish, partly con- 
glomeratic, sandstone south-east of Mulloor, and in a whitish sandstone south of 
the same place. Both localities belong to the Arrialoor group. 
A peculiar variety may be recorded as T. hiplicata var. Karapandiensis, pi. iv, 
figs. 5 — 9. This form also occurs in the x4.rrialoor beds, at Karapaudy in a light 
grey sandstone. The young shell is olongately ovate with a narrow, but stout 
beak, much resembling that of T. ohesa ; it also has distinct traces of radiating 
striae, but the valves arc not so tumid as in the last named species. The older shell 
is very much elongated, resembling in shape the smaller specimen figured by 
D’Orbigny as The front is truncate and distinctly biplicatc, as in 
the typical form of hiplicata. 
A third still more marked form is D’Orbigny’s original Luicmpleana^ and 
must be designated as T. hiplicata, A'ar. Dntemplcana, pi. iv, figs. 1-1 — 17 ; pi. v, 
figs. 1 — 3. This variety has the posterior part of the shell towards the beak markedly 
contracted and attenuated, the surface with a rather distinct radiating striation, and 
generally with a broadisb and shallow frontal sinus. It attains a larger size than 
any of the other varieties, and some forms when accidentally flattened closely 
resemble the ovate varieties of T. suh-rotmda, but the umbonal ridges are never 
developed, and the beak itself is larger than in the latter species. From equally large 
specimens of ohesa, it difi'ers by its less tumid beak, smaller foramen, and usual lesser 
convexity of the valves. 
As in England and Germany, the var. generally occurs in Southern 
India in lower hods than the typical hiplicata ; it is not uncommon in several places 
in the neighbourhood of Andoor and Veraghoor, in beds which are referred to the 
Trichinopoly group ; only one specimen is from near Olapaudy, from beds usually 
said to belong to the Arrialoor group, but this is not quite certain, — they may with 
almost equal probability be referred to the Trichinopoly group. 
In England T. hiplicata occurs in a vci’y great num1)er of varieties in the 
Upper Greensand and Chalk, which correspond to Cenomanien, Turonien, and the 
lower beds of the Senonien. In Germany it is also very common in the Cenomanien 
and Turonien, (Untcrer and Ohcrer) Plyeucr, Avith Am. Lotomagensis, varians, and 
Ilantelli, &c., AA'hilo its occurrence in the uppermost cretaceous strata, as aa'cII as in 
the Gaidt, is consideix'd as doubtful. In India aa'c find, as already stated, the A'ar. 
Latempleana in the Trichinopoly group, coiTCsponding A'cry closely to the European 
Turonien or Tapper Cenomanien, Avhile the typical hiplicata is sparingly found in 
the lower sandstones of the Arrialoor beds, equiA'alent to the Senonien. There is 
not a single specimen as yet known from our Ootatoor, or Lotomagensis beds, Avhich 
represent the true Cenomanien, unless T. ohesa be looked upon merely as a A'aricty 
of hiplicata. 
