OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 
15 
Formation . — Tricliiuojooly and Arrialoor groups; more common in tlie former 
tlian in the latter. 
Family,— TEUFB RA TULIB.F. 
The animals arc in this family always temporarily attached to suh-marine ol)jects 
by a fleshy peduncle,* which is protruded through tlic foramen of the larger valve. 
The mantle margins arc finely ciliated, and the oral appendages supported by solid, 
shelly, but not spirally twisted, arms, which form a more or less complete loop, 
always attached to the smaller, or lucmal, or brachial valve. 
The shell is ahvays punctated, variously, but generally not richly ornamented » 
the two valves arc joined to eacli other by two strong hinge-teeth, situated in tlie 
larger or neural valve, corresponding to two pits in the smaller or haemal one, the 
former being always perfoi-atcd at the posterior end by a foramen, which is ante- 
riorly partly margined by the dcltidium. 
The last revision of the genera and suh-genera belonging to this family was 
given by Dali in American Journ. of Conch. ,t vol. vi, p. 90, &c. The author 
divided it into seven sub-families, TerebratiUince, StrinyocephaUnce, IFayasince, 
Krausininoi, Flatidiinoc, Mecjatliyrincc, and Thecidilna} ; the last is considered doubt- 
ful and should form a separate family, as already suggested many years ago by 
Davidson. Of the other sub-families the typical genera are respectively Tereh- 
ratula, Stringocephalus, Mayas, Kraussina, Flatklia, and Meyathyris. 
To repeat here all the other genera and snb-genera does not appear necessary, 
and I refer to Mr. Dali’s detailed statements (1. cit.) regarding each of them. 
The Terebratulid^ are represented in all sedimentary formations from the 
Silurian up to the uppermost tertiary beds, and they also include the majority of 
the species of Brachiopoda yet found living in different seas. 
In the South Indian cretaceous rocks only three genera arc represented, Tereh- 
ratula, Terehratidina, and ICinyena. Of the first nine species occur, of the second 
only one, and of the last four. 
TEREBBATULA, Lhwyd, IGOO. 
Davidson, Brit. Fossil. Brach., vol. I, Iiitroduct., p. 62. 
Shell generally ovate, rounded, suhpcntagonal or subtriangular, with the valves 
smooth, striated or ribbed ; beak of neural valve truncate by a rounded or ovate 
foramen ; deltidiuin simple or divided by a median suture in two pieces ; loop short, 
the two principal arms, or crura, united at their anterior end, but the median pro- 
jections only converge towards each othci' without meeting. 
Nine species of this genus are I'epresented in the cretaceous strata of Southern 
India; of these six appear to be identical Avith those ocemring in Em-opc. 
t AVith additions, ihidein, vol. vii, p. 61, et scq. 
* Rarely by a portion of the shell itself. 
