CRETACEOUS ECHINODERMATA 
3() 
All the sj^c'cics as yet kuoAvn are from cretaceous deposits, particularly the 
middle and i;pper scries of that formation. 
D’Orbigny’s remonstrance against introducing Lamarck’s name Galeriten 
for Echinoconus oi Rreyniuslias no\A-, I believe, been almost generally acknoAvlcdged 
as just, and tbc latter name adopted. Desor in his Synopsis attempted to retain 
both, but the division is, I think, not adnussilAlc. 
Two species of the genus occur in the South Indian cretaceous deposits. 
1. EcuiNOCONrs conf. conicus, Jire^inus. PI. VI, Fig. 3. 
Vide ePOrbigny, Pal. I'Tany. terr. crot., vi, p. 513, pi. 996 and 997, figs. 1 — 7 
Galerites ulbogalerns, auelorum. 
The accompanying illustration Avill indicate better than a lengthened description 
the probability with which the single Indian example can be referred to the well 
known European species. This, although closely allied to several other upper cre- 
taceous forms, is distinguished from most of them by its very markedly elevated shape 
and the broad, flattened undcr-surfaco with a rather narrowly rounded periphery. In 
the Indian example t hese characters arc tolerably well marked. The broadly conoid 
form with a somewhat rapidly attenuated apex is quite identical with the variety, lirst 
distinguislied by dcs IMoulins and Desor as Galerites pyvamidcUis, and described 
by d’Orbigny as Echinoconns sulpyramklaUs, (compare d’Orbigny, 1. cit., p. 530, 
note by Cottcau). This form is, however, acknowledged to represent a mere variety 
oi E. conicus, to Avhich also, I should say, F. d’Orb., is undoubtedly 
referable. 
The divergence and breadth of the ambulacra, the size and submarginal position 
of the anal opening of the Indian specimen, exactly agree aaRIi the same characters 
in the European form ; the tubercles arc slightly larger beloAV than above, but the 
lower side, especially round the oral opening, is partially broken, or pressed in, in the 
Indian example, so that the exact shape of the mouth cannot be traced. 
This circumstance makes the identification somcAvhat uncertain, though a 
mere glance at the figures Avill sIioav that it is highly probable. 
Locality. — Near Comarapolliam, in a AAUitish, conglomeratic sandstone. 
Formation. — Arrialoor group. 
2. EcnixocoNrs placentula, Stoliczka. PI. VI, Eig. I. 
E. testa snbcliscoidea, subrotundata, supra convexiuscula, reyione post-apicali 
pauhdum gibbosnla, infra plana, aliquanto crassius tuberculi/era quam in superjicie 
supera ; aq)ice aperturaque centralibus, prinio paululnni deplanato, altera decagona, 
modice spaciosa i zonis poriferis angustissimis, poris minutissimis, ad peripheriam vix 
distingiiendis, instriwtis, infrd cersiis aperturani depressiusculis ; regione anali panlo 
contracta atque producta ; ano marginali, ovato, obliqno, aliquanto descendente. 
This is one of the most depressed species of Echinoconns known ; the test is 
sipitly gibbose behind the apex, curving more strongly towards the posterior, and 
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