G 
CllETACEOUS CORALS OR ANTIIOZOA 
of pali round a real or imaginary columella, and with the chambers open in the 
entire height of the corallum. 
The CABYornYLLiDJi:, which were by Milne-Edwards and Ilaime considered 
as a sub-family of the TurbixoliBjE, differ from the latter by the presence of pali. 
Eromcntcl (Pal. Erang. terr. cret., vol. viii, 1863, p. 163,) distinguishes fifteen 
genera, and indicates two more ; l)ut three of these genera occur in South India. 
CaryophylUa with four, Trochocyathus and T?latycyatlim each with a single species. 
The fii’st genus belongs to the group with only a single row of pali ; the two others 
have a double row of unequal but simple pali. 
I. Genus. — CARYOPHA’LLIA, Lamarck, 1801. 
Comp. Duncan, Pala?ont. Soe., vol. xxii, Suppl. to Cret. Corals, pt. II, No. 1, p. 2; Fromentel, 
Paleont. Fran 9 . terr. cret., vol. viii, 1863, p. 1G4. 
The Caryopliyllicc have a simple corallum, which is adherent by its base to 
foreign masses ; the calyx is circular or somewhat ovate, generaUy rather concave ; 
the columella composed of twisted and more or less confluent lamellm, forming a 
crispate, convex upper end ; the pali are well developed, all of the same form and 
size ; septa straight, rather broad, sometimes slightly thickened towards the inner 
end, generally arranged in six, very rarely in only five,* systems, which are occasion- 
ally somewhat irregidarly developed ; costm numerous, sub-equal, straight, more or 
less finely granular, generally most disthict near the calyx, and becoming less distinct 
towards the base. 
Stokes in 1828 was the first to define the present genus in the sense in which 
it is at present accepted in science. D’Orbigny called a few fossil species Amhlo- 
cyatlms, while others he referred to Cyathina. This last name has also been accepted 
for the cretaceous species by Messrs. Milne-Edwards and Ilaime in their 
monograph of the British cretaceous species, but in their Mist. Nat. d. Corafl. the 
propriety of the name Caryophyllia was re-established. Eromentel (1. cit.) unites 
to the iiresent genus also Batlnjcyatkus, Alilne-Edwards and Ilaime, which he 
says only differs from typical Caryophylli(S by thinner pali, more closely united to 
the septa. 
The species of CaryophylUa occur both fossil and recent, but the occurrence of 
the senus in rocks older than cretaceous is not sufficiently certain. 
There are four species of the genus represented in the South Indian cretaceous 
deposits ; all belong to the group with the septa arranged in six systems, and all 
appear to be as yet undescribed forms. 
* C. decemphx, Fromentel, Pal. Frauf. terr. cret., vol. viii, j). 1C8. 
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