PRESIDENTS ADDRESS — SECTION C. /O 
distinct periods — the one in Tertiary, the other in Triassic or Permo- 
Carboniferous time. They considered the striation and grooving of 
the rock pavement had been accomplished by land glaciers, which had 
left behind them a moraine profonde . In a later paper, however, these 
authors frankly withdrew their statement as to there being evidence 
there of a Tertiary glaciation, referring all the phenomena to the 
action of ice during one particular geological period, the Permo- 
Carboniferous or Triassic,* 
In September, 1893, Messrs. G. Sweet and Charles C. Brittlebank 
contributed an able paper on the Glacial Deposits of the Bacchus 
Marsh District. They sum up {op. cit pp. 388-9) as follows! : — “ The 
evidences appear to us to support — 
I. The reference of the early noticed conglomerates by the 
first and able geologists of the Geological Survey of 
Victoria, and of the present departmental officers, and 
Mr. Oldham, of the Indian Geological Survey, to their 
deposition under water by the agency of floating ice near 
shore, and to their final arrangement by the moving waters. 
II. Also, the theory that the sandstones and mudstones and 
other conglomerates intercalated between these, but lying 
to the north, east, and west of them, including those 
known as the Bacchus Marsh Triassic Sandstones, have 
been laid down under water, and probably belong to the 
same great deposit, and have resulted from similar causes. 
The beds now dip in a general southerly direction towards 
the present sea. 
“ Further, that as far as has yet been observed, these rocks contain 
no direct evidence of glaciers having passed down these valleys or 
over this area in Tertiary times, and that there does not exist, so far 
as has yet been observed by us, a moraine profonde to prove the exist- 
ence of such a glacier moving down the valley from the Dividing 
Bange at any time. It will be remembered that the general direction 
of the grooves and striae, so far as observed by ns, are from S.W. to 
N.E., or from the present sea.” 
They estimate the thickness of the glacial beds at about 5,000 feet, 
and have determined their altitudes as ranging from 700 feet to 1,400 
feet above the sea. 
Writing to me on 4th December, 1S94, Mr. Charles C. Brittlebank 
thus states his conclusions as to the nature of the glaciation of the 
Bacchus Marsh District in late Pakeozoic or in early Mesozoic time — 
“ That land ice came from the S.3.W. to the N.N.E. This was either 
a continuation of the Antarctic ice-cap or immense glaciers from land 
south of Australia. After a considerable period of time, one of suffi- 
cient length to allow the ice to grind the older rocks into hollows, 
furrows, ridges, and planed surfaces, a subsidence of several thousand 
feet took place. It was during this sinking that the sandstones, mud- 
stones, and conglomerates were laid down by the aid of sub-glacial 
streams and floating ice. This latter no doubt carried the boulders 
which are seen in the stratified sandstone. By the above theory it 
will be seen that the land was to the south, and the sea to the north. 
* Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, vol. vi., new series, 1894, pp. 139-143. 
+ Rep. Austr. Ass. Advt. Sci. Adelaide, 1893, pp. 376-389. 
