82 
PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS — SECTION C. 
but in places are nearly N.W. and S.E. The ice which produced 
them moved from south to north. 
The glaciated pavement is capped in places by glacial beds 23 
feet to over 100 feet in thickness. These are laminated, and contain 
glaciated boulders sparingly in their upper portion; but in their 
lower portion glaciated boulders abound, associated with occasional, 
large, worn erratics, some at least eight tons in weight. The 
erratics have probably been carried from the south. The sand grains 
in the ground mass of the glacial beds are intensely waterworn — a 
fact very suggestive of a marine origin. Although no marine organisms 
have as yet been detected in these glacial beds, I think it not impro- 
bable that they represent sea sands, though it is of course conceivable 
that they are used grains derived from an old marine sandstone. The 
groundmass is clearly of local origin, as are many of the small boulders. 
Most of the large erratics, however, have travelled from some distance, 
perhaps from localities thirty to forty miles to the south. The glacial 
beds are capped by Miocene strata, the junction line between the two 
formations being an eroded one. The glaciation of Hallett’s Cove 
may, perhaps, be correlated with that of the Inman Valley, near Port 
Victor, South Australia ; with that of Curramulka in Yorke Peninsula, 
South Australia ; and with that of the Bacchus Marsh and Derrinal 
districts in Victoria. It may, however, of course be referable to any 
geological age intermediate betweenthat of Miocene and Carboniferous. 
(3.) Correlation of the Glacial Deposits. 
On lithological grounds it is extremely probable that the glacial 
beds of Bacchus Marsh, Wild Duck Creek, and of Beech worth, in 
Victoria, were hoinotaxial, if not of contemporaneous origin, and 
probably also hoinotaxial with the older glacial conglomerates of 
Mount Reid and Mount Tyndall, in Tasmania. The occurrence of 
several varieties of Gangamopteris in the Bacchus Marsh beds of 
Victoria suggests the correlation of the latter with the mudstones 
containing erratics at Maria Island and One Tree Point, Bruni 
Island, Tasmania; with the similar beds at Mara ngaroo, Maitland, 
Branxton, and Grasstree, in New South Wales ; and with those of the 
Bowen River Coal Field of Queensland. The evidence for this is 
that Gangamopteris spafJiulata, McCoy, has been found in Tasmania 
associated with the mudstones containing large erratics* ; and the 
same species occurs in the glacial conglomerates of Bacchus Marsh. 
In New South Wales Gangamopteris is very abundant in the Middle 
Coal Measures (Tomago) of the Permo-Carboniferous system. It is 
also plentiful in the Lower Coal Measures (the Greta), but in the 
Upper Coal Measures (the Newcastle) Glossoptcris predominates. 
In the Greta Coal Measures Gangamopteris and Glossopteris are 
sandwiched in between the erratic-bearing mudstones of the Lower 
Marine series, and those of the Upper Marine series of the Permo- 
Carboniferous system, both of which contain an abundant marine fauna 
of Permo-Carboniferous affinities. Gangamopteris, in Tasmania, is 
associated with a similar marine Permo-Carboniferous fauna. 
If, therefore, this correlation be conceded, ice of some kind made 
itself manifest in Permo-Carboniferous time in the Australasian region 
* Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1893, p. 34. 
