PRESIDENT S ADDRESS — SECTION C. 
83 
from Zeehan, in lat 42 p S., to the Bowen River Coal Field, in lat. 20° 
30' S., and from long, about 137° 30' E. (Curramulka) to about 
151° 30' E. (Maitland). In Victoria hundreds, probably several 
thousands, of square miles are still covered by the glacial beds, and 
doubtless far larger areas formerly glaciated have had all traces of 
glaciation removed by denudation. 
This early glaciation of the Australasian region was probably 
homotaxial with that of Southern Africa and Southern India. In 
Southern Africa Mr. G. W. Stow and I)r. Sutherland have described 
glaciated blocks associated with the Karoo or Ecca Beds ; and 
Professor A. H. Green* * * § has referred the erratics in the Dwyka con- 
glomerate to glacial action. Mr. E. J. Dunn, as long ago as 1872, 
discovered glacial conglomerates, subsequently known as the Dwyka 
conglomerates, at Weltevreden’s farm, near the junction of the Vaal 
and Orange Rivers ; and in 1885 he made the important discovery of a 
striated pavement at the junction of the above rivers, and ascertained 
that the movement of the ice had been from south to north. The 
level of this pavement, as he informs me, is less than 1,000 feet above 
the sea. The shales underlying the large boulders in the conglomerate, 
as he states, are distinctly indented. This is in lat. 29° 8,, long, about 
23° 40' E. A specimen of Qangamopteris, 5 inches in length, was 
found by Mr. Dunn in the Lower Karoo beds above the Dwyka con- 
glomerates. In Southern India evidence of glacial action in Permo- 
Carboniferous time has been observed in the Talchir Group, in the Salt 
Range Group, the boulder beds at Bap, in Western Rajputana, and the 
Pan j ah conglomerates of KashmirfJ Mr. Eedden states that at ten 
miles west-south-west from Chanda, § near the little village of Irai, the 
Talchir boulder beds rest upon compact Perm limestones [Lower 
Vindhyan (older Palaeozoic) — T.W.E.D.]. “ For a length of 330 yards 
along the river bank this underlying rock is exposed, displaying 
a large surface, polished, scratched, and grooved after the fashion so 
familiar to glacialists. The surface has a slope of 12°-15° to the 
west, obliquely overcutting the strata, which have a dip of 8° to the 
west-south-west. The stria) and grooves run in long parallel lines, 
having directions between north-east and north-north-east, oblique to 
the slope of the surface ; and from the manner in which the rock is 
affected at the edges of a few planes of jointing, it can be inferred that 
the movement was up the slope. # * * The actual conditions are 
so far confirmatory of the view we have been led to — of an ice raft 
being drifted against and impelled up an opposing rock surface. 
* * * It would appear that the freighted ice mass had travelled a 
long distance from the south-west through the Utniir and Endlabad 
(Idulabad) districts, where rocks occur of the same composition as that 
of the several boulders.’ ’ 
The latitude of Irai is 19° 53' ; elevation under 900 feet. The 
most southerly position of the Talchir boulder bed is latitude 17° 20', 
and only a little above the level of the sea. 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. xliv., 1888, p. 233. 
f Geology of India, second edition. Stratigraphical and Structural. R. D. 
Oldham ; pp. 120-121, 124, 135, 157-100, 198-201, &c. 
t T. Oldham, Memoirs Geol. Sur. India, ix., p. 324, 1872; and W. Blanford, 
pp. 27-31. 
§ Records Geol. Sur. India, viii., p. 16, 1875. 
