president’s ADDRESS — SECTION C. 
89 
( c .) Erratics, some exceeding a ton in weight, in similar strata at 
Maria Island, Tasmania. 
(cl.) South-west slope of Mount Tyndall. Glacial conglomerate, 
containing deeply scored and beautifully polished pebbles. Permo- 
Carboniferous fossils are stated to be associated with them. Height 
above sea, 3,500 feet. 
Victoria. — (e.) Bacchus Marsh. Lat. 37° 37' S., long. 144° 20' E. 
Boulder-bearing mudstones, the included boulders strongly striated 
and deeply grooved ; conglomerates showing evidence of having been 
squeezed down in pockets into the mudstones below ; sandstones often 
finely laminated and contemporaneously contorted. The sandstones 
near the highest observable beds in the series contain Gangamopteris 
angustifolius , G. obliqua , G. spathulota, and on a still higher horizon 
fragments of plants like Schizoneura , Zeugcphyllites , &e. Total 
thickness of series, 3,500 to perhaps 5,000 feet. These are capped 
unconformably by Eocene strata, and rest with strong unconformity 
on a powerfully grooved and striated pavement of Ordovician rocks. 
The pavement is traversed by troughs 500 feet to GOO feet deep; 
the bottoms of the troughs, their sides, and even the tops of 
the intervening ridges showing the clearest evidence of having been 
heavily glaciated, some of the furrows being fully 4 inches deep. 
The bulk of the groundmass of the boulder-beds and many of 
the boulders are of local origin, though numbers of the latter, 
especially the larger erratics, are foreign to the district. The ice 
which produced the glaciation came from the south, and moved in a 
direction varying from due north to north-east. Pleight above sea- 
level of glacial beds varies from about 600 feet to about 1,400 feet, 
and that of the glaciated pavement from about GOO feet to 1,200 leet. 
The glacial beds exhibit well-marked stratification to within 10 feet or 
15 feet of the bottoms of the large troughs, and the individual strata 
of the glacial series run out against the steeply-rising slopes of the 
glaciated pavements of Ordovician rock. 
(f) Wild Duck Creek, near Derrinal, between Heathcote and 
Sandhurst. Lat. 36° 50' S., long. 144° 35' E. Mudstones with beauti- 
fully glaciated and polished boulders and large erratics, up to thirty 
tons in weight, overlie an abraded, grooved, and polished pavement 
of Ordovician rock. The grooving of the pavement and of the erratics 
appears to indicate that here also the ice moved from south northwards, 
the trend of the grooves being towards N. 5 P V. If this view be 
correct, the ice which produced this glaciation must have crossed the 
Main Dividing Range, which now separates Wild Duck Creek from 
Bacchus Marsh. 
Thickness of glacial beds, together with interstratified sandstone, 
50 to 60 feet thick, about 400 feet. Height above sea-level ranges 
from about 300 to 700 feet. There can be very little doubt as to the 
Wild Duck Creek glaciation having been contemporaneous with that 
of Bacchus Marsh. 
(g.) Beechworth. Lat. 36° 3' S., long. 146° 7' E. Glacial beds 
similar to those of Wild Duck Creek and Bacchus Marsh. This is the 
furthest point north to which undoubted evidence of glaciation in 
Australia, in Permo-Carboniferous (?) time, lias as yet been traced. 
Height above sea-level, about 500 feet. 
