m 
president’s ADDRESS — SECTION C. 
( [h .) Glaciated (?) sarfaces on the Cobboras, extending between 
levels of 4,000 and 6,000 feet above the sea. 
(i.) Glaciated (?) surface on Mount Pilot, extending down to 
3,000 feet above the sea. 
(j.) Glaciated (?) surface on Mount Bogong. 
(k.) Eroded lake basins, Dry Hill, Hermomugee Swamp, and 
Omeo Lake Basin; Morainic (?) Lake, Mount Wellington. 
New South Wales. — (Z.) Kosciusko. Lat. 36° 40' S., long, 
about 148° E. Abraded rock surfaces and rocJies moutonnees at Tom’s 
Elat and in the Wilkinson Valley, showing it to have been probably 
filled with ice to a depth of 500 feet. Morainic material and 
undoubted ice-scratched blocks between Mount Kosciusko, Mount 
Twynam, and Boggy Plain. The glaciers and snowfields here had an 
area of perhaps 150 square miles. Height above sea ranges from 
about 5,200 to about 7,351 feet, if it be assumed that the glaciation 
extended to the summit of the highest peak, Mount Townsend. 
(6.) Conclusions. 
The following provisional conclusions are suggested : — 
(1.) That Australia and Tasmania have passed through at least 
two important periods ot* glaciation. The first, and far the severer, 
may have commenced in Gvmpie time (Carboniferous), or, at any 
rate, in some portion of the Permo-Carboniferous period, and may 
have continued, with possible interglacial epochs, to perhaps some 
part of the Triassic period. The later glaciation, according to the 
opinion of most observers, was probably Post- Pliocene. 
(2.) That the glacial beds of Bacchus Marsh, Wild Duck Creek, 
and Beech worth, in Victoria, are almost undoubtedly homotaxial with 
one another, and perhaps homotaxial with the glacial beds of 
Hallett’s Cove, in South Australia, and with the older glacial con- 
glomerates of Mount Reid and Mount Tyndall, in Tasmania ; and 
perhaps with the mudstones containing erratics of Maria Island, 
and One-Tree Point, Brum, in Tasmania ; with the similar beds at 
Maitland, Branxton, and Grasstree, in New South Wales; and with 
those of the Bowen River Coal Field, in Queensland. 
Direction of Movement of Derma- Carboniferous Ice. 
(3.) In Australia, Southern Africa, and India the Permo-Car- 
boniferous ice has iu most cases moved from a southerly towards a 
northerly direction, as proved by the grooved rock surfaces as well as 
by the carry of the erratics. At Hallett’s Cove the movement has 
been towards N. or N.W., chiefly N., and at Curramulka, northerly, 
but at the Inman Valley E. and W. At Bacchus Marsh towards N. 
or N.N.E. At Wild Duck Creek, N. Between Wallerawang and 
Maitland, towards N.E. 
(4.) As regards the source of the erratics in the Australian and 
Tasmanian Permo-Carboniferous (?) glacial beds, while many are of local 
origin, some are foreign, the hitter being the case especially with regard 
to those in Victoria, which may have been derived (a) from Tasmania 
or (&) from land, since denuded, lying to the west of Tasmania ; (c) 
from New Zealand, but no erratics of the peculiar granite which has 
supplied the granite blocks found in Preservation Inlet in New 
