QUEENSLAND NATIVE ASTKINGENT MEDICINES. 293 
The quantity of organic matter (which is the volatile matter 
after deducting water and carbonic acid) affords a sufficiently close 
indication of the amount of humus present. 
The nitrogen determined is total nitrogen. If nitrates are 
present, the modification of Kjeldahl’s method is the most suitable. 
I believe the above represents the fewest determinations on which 
an accurate judgment can be based. 
I also believe that, with the aid of the above data, practical 
experience, and a modicum of mother- wit, thoroughly reliable and 
useful advice may be given as to the means to be adopted for 
ameliorating the soil. 
The manures to be used and their quantities will to some extent 
depend upon the nature of the soil, and to a much less degree upon the 
quantities of fertilising ingredient found to be present, but principally 
upon the nature of the crop. 
Soil analysis in the past has been too much occupied with the 
notion that the amount of fertiliser required depends upon the quantity 
already in the soil, and that nothing is necessary but to add so much 
of the particular ingredient in an available form as, together with 
what is already present, will produce a sufficiency for all requirements. 
I believe the principle is a sound one which tells us to manure the 
crop and not the ground, and that the soil is to be improved not by 
chemicals but by proper cultivation, by deep-ploughing, draining, 
liming, green-manuring, and other means of improving the texture, 
without which it is impossible to maintain the conditions essential to 
fertility. 
12.- QUEENSLAND NATIVE ASTRINGENT MEDICINES, 
ILLUSTRATED BY THE CHEMISTRY OF THE GUMS 
OF EUCALYPTS AND ANGOPHORAS. 
By Dr. JOS. LA UTERER, pract. Arzt., M.R.S. 
Nearly 100 years ago, soon after Governor Phillip arrived on the 
shores of Port Jackson, the convicts engaged in cutting timber for 
their miserable dwellings noticed the gum exuded from the wounded 
bark of theEuealypts, especially from that of the ironbark. The small 
community condemned by the laws to the vows of poverty and 
obedience, tried to derive some profit from every little discovery made 
in the new country ; the gum was sent to England, and erroneously 
diagnosticated as a kind of “ kino,” nearly allied to Malabar kino. 
The ironbark gum, insoluble in alcohol in the dry state, but very 
easily dissolved by it when treated first with water, was then imported 
to Europe and sold along with Malabar kino under the silly name of 
“Botany Bay kino.” As Allan Cunningham (1825) described our 
Eucalyptus sideropkloia under the name of E. resinifera — a terminology 
now reserved for the “Jimmy-Low” ( E . resinifera , Smith, 1790), 
which tree yields nearly the same gum as E. sideropliloia — a double 
error runs now through the scientific books of the last decennium, 
purporting that E. resinifera yields the Botany Bay “ kino.” 
Martindale, speaking in his Extra-Pharmacopoeia of the gum of 
E. siderophloia , even says : “ This gum should be distinguished from the 
common Botany Bay kino, said to be the produce of E. resinifera . 
