GLACIAL ACTION IN AUSTRALASIA. 
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The arenaceous limestone, which passes in places into a calcareous 
sandstone, has a thickness of from 2 to 3 feet, and is very persistent. 
It is whitish-grey in colour, and, owing to its hardness, forms a well- 
marked feature wherever it outcrops. In places, as at the southern 
end of “ The Amphitheatre,” {vide plan) it passes downwards into a 
thickness of from 10 to 15 feet of soft yellowish sandstone. 
Blocks of rock similar to those in the Glacial Beds are found at 
intervals embedded in the Miocene limestone, as at the points marked 
D, E, and F on the plan, a band of them usually marking the base of 
the Miocene formation. At the point marked G, an erratic of Port 
Victor granite appears to be partially embedded in the upper surface 
of the Miocene limestone. It measures 3 feet by 2 feet, by at least 
1 foot in height. 
At the point marked H, at “ The Amphitheatre,” a mass of 
Archaean rock, measuring 12 feet by 3| feet, by at least 1 foot, has 
weathered out from the Miocene limestone, and, having been partly 
undermined near the edge of a small waterfall, has become cracked 
through by its own weight, and the greater portion has slipped down 
to a lower level, while the remainder is still firmly embedded in the 
Miocene limestone. The junction line between the Miocene strata 
and the Glacial Beds is seen in places to be an eroded one. The area 
of the Miocene limestones and calcareous sandstones, shown on the 
plan, is about 100 acres. They extend inland for about from 20 to 
25 chains, and attain a level of 108 feet above high water at the point 
marked I on plan, while they are 87 feet at the point marked J, 
58 chains south from I. 
(4.) Clays overlying the Miocene limestone. — These weather olive- 
brown to reddish-brown. No fossils have as yet been found in them. 
Their thickness is about 60 feet. They are probably of Miocene age, 
though possibly later. 
(5.) Nodular Travertine. — About 3 to 4 feet thick, capping the 
preceding clays. Barely have been found land-shells of recent species 
enclosed in the travertine. 
(6.) j Blown Sand and Beach Sand and Gravel. — This is of recent 
age, and rests successively on each of the preceding formations. 
SUMMARY. 
The formations, ranged in ascending order, are therefore as 
follows : — 
(1.) Archman. — Beddish purple shales and quartzites, &c. Thick- 
ness, several thousands of feet (strong unconformability). 
(2.) Permo-Carboniferous. — Shales and mudstones, &c., with 
glaciated boulders and large erratics, resting on a glaciated pavement 
of the Archaean rock. Thickness, over 100 feet (slight erosion). 
(3.) Miocene Marine Sandy Limestone. — Thickness, 3 feet. 
(4.) Miocene . — Clays. Thickness, 60 feet. 
(5.) Recent. — Nodular travertine. Thickness, 3 to 4 feet. 
(6.) Recent . — Blown sand and beach sand and gravel. 
The following conclusions may be provisionally deduced : — 
(1.) The formation of the Glacial Beds, and the glaciation of the 
pavement upon which they rest, belong to the same epoch. 
