OLDER TERTIARIES OF SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA. 
359 
The term “ Newer Basalt” of the Survey is somewhat misleading, 
as it seems almost certain that there are several distinct basaltic flows 
newer than that regarded in this paper as Eocene, and this is 
indicated by the old survey by the use of such terms as “Upper 
Newer” and “ Lower Newer.” We can, however, arrive at something 
like the age of the basalts of the Werribee Plains, Geelong, and 
Camperdown, for they are overlaid by, and therefore older than, the 
beds containing our fossil marsupials; the latter being usually regarded 
as of Pliocene age, it is probable that the above basalts may also belong 
to that period. These flows are clearly anterior to the volcanic 
ash-beds of Mount Gambler, for the latter are stated by Professor 
R. Tate to overlie deposits of the Diprotodon Period.* 
The ages of man) of our Victorian gold-drifts are somewhat difficult 
to fix in the absence of palaeontological evidence, the only deposits 
of this nature from which a fossil fauna has been recorded being 
the gold-drift of Dunolly, from which remains of Phascolomys 
pliocenus , McCoy, have been obtained, and the gold-drift of the 
Loddon River, south-west of Maldon, which has yielded remains of 
SarcopJiilus ur sinus, and therefore the age is set down as Pliocene. 
SUMMARY. 
Perhaps the best method to summarise the foregoing results will 
be to give three tables indicating the various beds and the ages to 
which they have been assigned ; first, according to Sir E. McCoy and 
the Geological Survey of Victoria; second, according to Professor 
R. Tate and Mr. J. Dennant, as tabulated in the presidential address 
to the Adelaide meeting of the Australasian Association for the 
Advancement of Science ; third, according to Messrs. T. S. Hall and 
G. B. Pritchard. 
TABLE I.— GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF VICTORIA. 
Tertiary or Cainozoic. 
Post-Tertiary. — Recent creek and river deposits, forming alluvial 
flats; sand dunes; recent sands, clays, gravels, and estuary beds, forming 
surface deposits of plains bordering the Murray River, from the 
Ovens to the Western boundary of the colony. Sale Plains; Alberton; 
Plains between Werribee and Little River. 
Upper Tertiary (Pliocene). — Ferruginous sandstones with 
marine shells, Geelong, Flernington, Brighton, Cheltenham, and 
Stawell; quartz gravels of the Flagstaff Hill, Melbourne, Haunted 
Hill, Tom’s Cap, and Longford to Woodside in Gippsland, northwards 
from Stawell towards tho Wimmera River; freshwater limestones, 
Geelong; leaf-beds of Daylesford and Malmsbury, Ballarat, Creswick, 
and Iladdon Leads; sandy marls at Jemmy’s Point, Gippsland Lakes ; 
newer basalts. 
Middle Tertiary (Miocene). — White clays with impressions of 
leaves beneath the older volcanic, Flernington, Berwick ; ferruginous 
beds, with fossil flora, Pentland Hills (Bacchus Marsh), l)argo and 
Bogong High Plains; auriferous gravels, Dargo High Plains, Tanjil, 
and Russell’s Creek ; older volcanic rocks ; fossiliferous, sandy, and 
A.A.A.S. Adelaide, 1893, p. 69. 
