COREA. 
507 
The threshed grain is fanned, swept, raked, and winnowed — one 
pouring the grain, and another using a mat as a sort of bellows to 
create a draught. It is then spread out and dried on mats in the sun. 
"When dry, the hulling process follows ; sometimes by a stone drawn 
by an ox that runs as a perpendicular wheel round and round a post, 
but oftenest by a water-pestle that is turned off and on as required. 
It is then ground up by hand mill or pestle, and is ready for use. 
Everywhere throughout Corea you see fires on the hills, due in 
most cases to charcoal-burning. These people, while they furnish a 
very important article of fuel, by their carelessness destroy much of 
the little timber left. 
Pottery, tiles, &c., are burnt in the rudest and most primitive 
ways imaginable ; so with lime. The pit is filled, aiid after being 
burned it is covered w ith earth, a small opening at the top being left. 
Down this water is poured until all is slaked. 
The natives have the names of the so-called five noted harbours 
of Corea off by rote, as they have their old musty classics : — 
1st. Wonsan — Ham Kyung province. 
2nd. Kang Kyung — Ch’oong-ch’uug province. 
3rd. "Warnha — Ivyung-sang province. 
4th. Cliinto — Chulla province. 
5th. Kanglnva — Kyungkein province. 
Their ideas of harbours are, of course, very different from ours, 
though placing Wonsan at the head of the list seems to show some 
wisdom. Wonsan is a very excellent harbour, and could hold all the 
fleets of the world, I judge. As to the merits of the others I cannot 
speak definitely. 
Kope-w’alking is one of the most important features of a Corean 
celebration. They stretch a line across the court, and here the 
hwanc/ta (actor) performs to the delight of the people, who never 
seem to weary of the same rather stale performances acted over and 
over again. 
WORKS ON COREA. 
Griffis — Corea, the Hermit Nation. 
Oppert — The Eorbidden Land. 
Koss — Corea : its History, Manners, and Customs. 
Lowell — Chisun, the Land of Morning Calm. 
Gilmore — Korea from its Capital. 
Carles — A Trip in North Korea. 
Dallet — Histoire de l’Eglise de Coree (especially the Introduc- 
tion) ; sur Ihistoire, les institutions, lalangue, les moeurs et coutumes 
coreenese. 
Dallet and Griffis are the best, it seems to me. The others give 
a meagre idea of Corea. 
III. — COREAN LAND TENURE AND LAND TAX. 
By J. H. HUNT) Esquire, Commissioner of Customs and H.M, Consular Agent, 
Fusan , Corea . 
Ensan, 10th J une, 1894. 
Dear Mr. Eox, — You rletter of the 1st instant duly reached 
me. My time is so taken up with numerous duties requiring my 
personal supervision that I regret to say I have little or no leisure 
