520 
PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION E. 
“ Chang Pyeng.” Po-san is the name of the port where steamers stop 
for P’yungyang, and the distance is 70 li from this place to the 
city by road. The river is further navigable for at least 100 miles 
above P’yungyang to the north for small native craft, peculiarly 
shaped flat-bottomed boats being used for the higher reaches of the 
river. There is also a tributary which joins the main river some 
distance above P’yungyang, and is navigable for about sixty-five miles 
for native boats. 
On the same journey I went down a river whose mouth is close 
to the north end of Kang Hon Island, known as the Cho-po River. 
This is navigable for about forty miles for large junks. 
The Imchin River, whose mouth is also close to the north end of 
Kang Hon Island, is navigable for about fifty miles. In the rains this 
river is said to be navigable as far as the town of Ichyen, in Kang- 
Ouen-To. 
The following are the prefectoral towns to be found close to the 
banks of the rivers. The distances are road distances — distances 
reckoning 3 li to a mile : — 
(1) The Han River (main stream) ; on left bank, forty miles 
from Soul, is Tang Keun. 
(2) Nye-Ju is fifty-six miles from Soul, on the right bank. 
(3) Chung- Ju (three miles from river bank) is seventy-three- 
miles from Soul. 
(4) Chyeng-hpoung on right bank of river, in Ch’oong-Ch’ung- 
To, is 116 miles from Soul. 
(5) Tanyang, on the right bank, is 125 miles from Soul. 
(6) Yengclioun, on the right bank, is 130 miles from S5ul. 
On the banks of the northern tributary — 
(1) On the left bank is Ka-hpyeng, forty-eight miles from 
Soul. 
(2) On the left bank (three miles inland) is Chun-clion, one of 
the fortress cities, sixty-eight miles from Soul. 
(3) On the left bank is Kang-Chyen, eighty miles from Soul. 
On the banks of the Imchin River — 
(1) Ichyen, in Kang-Ouen-'To, ninety miles from Soul. 
(2) Anhyep, in Whangha-To, eighty miles from Soul. 
(3) Ten Chyen is fifty miles from Soul. 
(4) Machon, in KyungkeinTo, sixty-five miles from Soul. 
(5) Imchin is forty-five miles from Soul. 
(6) Chang-yun is forty miles from Soul. 
(2.) DIFFERENT KINDS AND ROTATION OF CROPS. 
Corcan farmers, I believe, have no regularly arranged system for 
the regular rotation of the different crops. The idea that it i3 best 
for the land not to have the same kind of crop grown upon it year 
after year in succession has not, I understand, occurred to them. The 
land is well manured, and then the farmer plants whatever kind of 
crop he thinks grows best on the land, independently of any con- 
sideration as to what crop he grew last year. Rice is, of course, the 
staple food of the country, and so is grown most extensively. Rice is 
sown in the paddy-fields in the fourth month early ; it is sown very 
(dose, and in the fifth month is transplanted and pricked out in small 
