554 
PROCEEDINGS OE SECTION E. 
we restored the Terai to Sikhim, and our title to exercise a predominant 
influence in that State has remained undisputed for seventy years, 
until recently challenged by the. monastic party in Tibet. 
Following our traditional policy, we meddled as little as possible 
in the affairs of Sikhim, and no further negotiations took place until 
1834, when certain Lepcha malcontents, who had sought refuge in 
Nepal, made a raid on the tract ceded in 1817. Under pressure from 
us the refugees returned to Nepal, and the opportunity was taken by 
the Government of India to procure from the Baja of Sikhim the 
cession of the hill-station of Darjeeling, and a small tract immediately 
surrounding it. Fifteen years afterwards Dr. Campbell, the Superin- 
tendent of Darjeeling, and Dr. (now Sir Joseph) Hooker, while 
travelling in Sikhim with the permission of the British Government and 
the Baja, were seized and imprisoned by the Diwan, or Prime Minister, 
of Sikhim. This treachery was punished by the annexation of the 
entire Terai, and a large area of the middle hills. The feeling, how- 
ever, continued ; criminals were harboured in Sikhim, and British 
subjects were kidnapped from our own territory for the purposes of 
the slave trade between Sikhim and Bhutan. 
Having exhausted all ordinary forms of protest, the Government 
of India found it necessary in 1860-1 to order the occupation of 
Sikhim by a force under Colonel Gawler. Our troops advanced to 
the Tista, the Baja accepted the terms offered, and in March, 1861, 
a treaty was concluded at Tumlong, the capital of Sikhim, which 
regulates our relations with the State up to the present day. Its 
chief provisions are the following : — u Criminal's, defaulters, and other 
delinquents are to he seized and given up on demand, and may he 
followed by our police. Trade monopolies, restrictions on the move- 
ments of travellers, and duties on goods passing between Sikhim and 
British territory are abolished. Power is given to the British Govern- 
ment to make" a road through Sikhim, and the Sikhim Government 
covenants to protect the working parties, to maintain the road in 
repair, and to erect and maintain suitable rest-houses for travellers. 
The slave trade is prohibited. Our suzerainty in questions of foreign 
policy is recognised, and Sikhim undertakes not to cede or lease any 
portion of its territory, or to permit the passage of troops without 
our consent/’ Finally, the Baja “ agrees to remove the scat of his 
government from Tibet to Sikhim, and reside there for nine months 
in the year.” No more complete recognition of our supremacy could 
well be demanded. % 
No difficulty was experienced in carrying out the terms of the 
treaty of 1861. Europeans travelling in Sikhim were cordially received 
by the lamas and people ; surveys were commenced without hindrance; 
criminals were surrendered by the Sikhimese, or captured with their 
consent by the police of Darjeeling ; freer intercourse with Darjeeling 
brought about the extinction of slavery, and many British subjects 
acquired property in Sikhim and held office under the Government ot 
that country. But in the winter of 1873-4 the Deputy Commissioner 
of Darjeeling visited Sikhim and the Tibetan frontier to advise on the 
making of a road to the border for purposes of trade, libetans and 
Chinese were at once in arms, and the Chinese Ampa or Resident o 
Lhassa wrote to the Baja in the name of the Emi>eror of China, 
reminding him that he was bound to prevent the 1 eling sahibs (or 
