GRAMMAR OF THE TAGGARA LANGUAGE. 
619 
the usual guide to those visiting the Friendly Islands. In many cases 
they were accustomed to take their idols, or ieraphim , on hoard as a 
protection and shield. In several instances, in the old traditions, the 
names of the idols taken on board are recorded, and at times even 
fresh ones obtained at islands which were visited. 
5.— OUTLINES OF A GRAMMAR OF THE “ YAGGARA,” THE 
LANGUAGE OF THE YERONGPAN TRIBE ON THE “ SANDY 
COUNTRY •' BETWEEN BRISBANE AND IPSWICH. 
By JOSEPH LAUTERER , M.D, 
The languages of the Australian continent are divided, according 
to Max Mueller, into four groups, altogether different from each other, 
and in the same way different from any other language on earth : — 
1. The North Australian group is very little known. 
2. The West Australian languages have been known since the 
times of Governor Grey, who spoke and described the 
language on the Swan River, and near King George’s Sound. 
3. The Parnkalla languages on the Murray River and on 
Encounter Bay have been investigated by the German 
missionaries Schiirmann and Terchelmann (Murray), and 
by the German missionary Meyer (Encounter Bay). 
4. The languages of East Australia — the Katnilaroi, AYirataroi, 
Pikumpul, and Tipil language — have been studied by 
Threlkeld, who wrote a grammar of a tribe between 
Sydney and Moreton Bay, which is reproduced by Max 
Mueller in the books of the Austrian Novara Expedition. 
Ridley gives the outlines of the Turrabul language spoken in 
different dialects through the whole Moretou Bay district. 
The Yaggara dialect, spoken in the “sandy country” (Yerongpan) 
between Brisbane and Ipswich, differs in many respects from the 
true Turrabul as it occurs in Ridley’s grammar. Its chief charac- 
teristics are as follow : — There are the vowels a , e, i, o, u , as, as, 
besides they (as in yes) ; and twelve consonants — 7c, n, n', d , t , b y p, in, 
w, r , l, s'*. The accent is mostly on the penultimate. There is no 
gender or number properly, these being formed by agglutination of 
other w r ords. The verb is a noun ; its forms originate through 
agglutination and the addition of suffixes. The vowels are pro- 
nounced as follows : — A as in father, e as in ten, i as in kiss, o as in 
go, u as in true, as as a in happy, ce as u in but. Of the consonants n ' 
and s' have a sound not easily pronounced by an English tongue, being 
identical with the Slavonian n and s before i. f The noun in the 
Yerongpan language has only one form for the singular and one for 
the plural, this latter being formed by putting <ls'in (many), or 
ds'angil (plenty), or pas'agon (more than one) behind the word. 
Yerongpan. English. 
Bing Eather 
Bingds'in, or leathers 
bingds'angil, or 
bingpas'agon 
Yerongpan. 
Mara 
Tsitne 
Kabui 
English. 
Hand and 
finger 
Foot 
Hair 
* ts' is by English authors given in a clumsy way by the English consonant j. 
t* The English s is utterly unknown in the Yaggara language 
