ADD 
substance of the wood. Prickles.are either 
straight, as in the solanura indicura : or 
bent inwards, as in the mimosa cineraria ; 
or bent outwards ; or downy, that is, co- 
vered with a sort of wool. See Tomentum. 
ACUMINATE, in natural history, a term 
applied to fishes whose tails end in a sharp 
point. 
AD, a Latin preposition, expressing the 
rela tion of one thing to another. 
It is frequently prefixed to other w^rds : 
thus, 
Ad hominem, among logicians, an argu- 
ment drawn from the professed belief or 
principles of those with whom we argue. 
Ad valorem, among the officers of the 
king’s revenue, a term used for such duties, 
or customs, as are paid according to the va- 
lue of the goods sworn to by the owner. 
ADAGIO, in music, signifies the second 
degree of music from slow to quick. It is 
applied to music not only meant to be per- 
formed in slow time, but also with grace and 
embellishment. 
ADAMANTINE spar, in mineralogy, 
one of the species of the ruby family, found 
only in China. Colour dark hair brown. 
Massive, crystallized in six-sided prisms, and 
six-sided pyramids, having their apex trun- 
cated. Specific gravity 3.98. See Roby. 
ADAMBEA, in botany, a genus of the 
Polyandria Monogynia class and order, of 
which there is but a single species, which 
grows on the coast of Malabar, in sandy and 
stony places ; rises to about seven feet, and 
sends forth branches which are terminated 
by panicles of fine purple flowers, large and 
resembling roses. 
ADANSONIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Monadelpliia order, and Polyandria class, 
named after Michael Adanson, an indefa- 
tigable French naturalist. The A. digitata, 
Ethiopean sour-gourd, or monkies’ bread,' 
called also abavo, is the only species known 
of this genus. 
ADDER. See Colober. 
ADDITION, in arithmetic, the first of 
the four fundamental rules of that art, where- 
by we find a sum equal to several smaller 
ones. See Algebra and Arithmetic. 
Additions, in law, denote all manner of 
designations given to a man, over and above 
his proper name and surname, to shew of 
what estate, degree, mystery, place of abode, 
&c. he is. 
Additions of degree are the same with 
titles of honour or dignity, as knight, lord, 
earl, duke, &c. 
ADE 
Additions of estate are yeoman, gentle- 
man, esquire, and the like. 
Additions of mystery, or trade, are car- 
penter, mason, painter, engraver, and the 
like. 
Additions of place, or residence, are Lon- 
don, Edinburgh, Bristol, York, Glasgow, 
Aberdeen, ike. 
These additions were ordained to prevent 
one man’s being grieved, or molested, for 
another; and that every person might be 
certainly known, so as to bear his own 
burden. 
If a man is of different degrees, as duke, 
earl, &c. he shall have the most worthy ; and 
the title of knight, or baronet, is part of the 
party’s name, and therefore ought to be 
rightly used; whereas that of esquire, or 
gentleman, being as people please to call 
them, may be used, or not, or varied at 
pleasure. 
A Peer of Ireland is no addition of honour 
here ; nay, the law-addition to the children 
of British noblemen is only that of esquire, 
commonly called lord. 
Writs without the proper additions, if ex- 
cepted to, shall abate ; only where the pro- 
cess of outlawry doth not lie, additions are 
not necessary. The addition of a parish, 
not in any city, must mention the county, 
otherwise it is not good. 
Addition, in heraldry, something added 
to a coat of arms, as a mark of honour; and 
therefore directly opposite to abatement. 
ADDUCTOR, in anatomy, a general 
name for all such muscles as serve to draw 
one part of the body towards another. See 
Anatomy. 
ADELIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Dioecia Gynandria class and order. Male : 
calyx three parted; no corolla; stamina 
numerous; united at the base. Female: 
calyx five parted ; no corolla ; styles three, 
lacerated. Capsule three-grained. 
ADENANTHERA, in botany, a genus 
of the Decandria Monogynia class of plants, 
the calyx of Ahich is a single-leaved perian- 
thium, very srhall, and cut into five seg- 
ments : the corolla consists of five lanceo- 
lated bell-shaped petals ; the fruit is a long 
membranaceous compressed pod, containing 
several round seeds. There are three 
species : A. paronina, which is one of the 
largest trees in the East Indies. Its dura- 
tion is 200 years, and its timber is much 
used on account of its solidity : the powder 
of the leaves is used in their religious cere- 
monies; the seeds are eaten, and also valued 
