AGRICULTURE. 
Those who lay down land permanently 
to grass, may best depend on white, or 
Dutch clover, for all rich and dry loams and 
sands, and for rich clays that have been pro- 
perly drained, 
Rye grass will flourish on any land but 
stiff clays. It is well adapted for perma- 
nent pasture, and if properly managed, is 
one of the best spring grasses. There are 
few so early, or more palatable and nutri- 
tive to cattle. It is less subject to injury in 
critical hay seasons than any other, and the 
seeds of none are collected with greater fa- 
cility. It should be cut for hay some time 
previously to its being ripe, as the stalks 
will otherwise be converted into a species 
of straw, and its nutritive qualities be pro- 
portionahly weakened. 
Sainfoin is preferred by many agricultu- 
rists to clover, as less likely to injure cattle 
when they eat it green, producing larger 
crops, making better hay, and continuing 
four times longer in the ground, It is se- 
veral years in arriving at its full strength. 
The quantity of milk yielded by means of 
it from cows is nearly double of what is 
produced by any other green food, and the 
quality also of the milk is proportionally 
better. It is much cultivated on chalky 
soils, and succeeds best where its roots run 
deep. Cold and wet clay is extremely ill 
adapted for it, and the dryness of land is of 
more consequence to its growth than even 
the richness of it. It is best cultivated by 
the drill husbandry, after repeated plough- 
ing, harrowing, and rolling ; and while care 
is taken not to leave the seeds uncovered, 
they must also not be buried deeper than 
about an inch. They should be sowed in 
the latter end of March. An acre of very 
ordinary land will maintain four cows for 
eight months, and afford the greatest part 
of their food in hay for the rest of the year. 
Lucerne remains at least above twelve 
years producing very large crops, and yield- 
ing the most excellent hay, to the amount 
of about seven tons per acre. It has ob- 
tained the highest praises from all agricultu- 
ral writers. With a view to its successful 
cultivation, the soil must be kept open and 
free from weeds, which is most effectually 
done by horse-hoing, ft is transplanted 
with extreme advantage, if the tap root be 
cut off, by which it is fitted for a shallow 
soil, and its roots shoot out laterally and 
near the surface. The culture of this plant 
is a principal distinction of French hus- 
bandry, and is in that country a source of 
almost uniform profit. The best prepara- 
tion for it is a turnip or cabbage crop. No 
manure should be allowed after the sowing 
till the crop is two years old. Its improving 
effect upon the soil is particularly great. 
Burnet is a grass peculiarly adapted to 
poor land, and is so hardy, as to flourish 
when all other vegetation fails. Its cultiva- 
tion is not hazardous or expensive. It is 
best sown in the beginning of July. It af- 
fords rich pleasantmilk, and in great plenty. 
For moist loams and clays there cannot be 
a better grass than the meadow fox-tail, 
which is not only early , but remains for nine 
or ten years, and is little injured by frost. 
To these remarks on a few of the grasses 
it may be added, that, in connection with 
soils, the principal grass plants have been 
thus arranged by one of the most distin- 
guished agriculturists of the day : 
Clay. 
Loam. 
Sand. 
Cow grass 
White clover 
White clover 
Cock’s-foot 
Rye 
Rye 
Dog’s-tail 
York white 
York white 
Fescue 
Fescue 
Yarrow 
Fox-tail 
Fox-tail 
Burnet 
Oat grass 
Dog’s-tail 
Trefoil 
Trefoil 
Poa 
Rib 
York white 
Timothy 
Timothy 
Yarrow 
Lucerne 
Chalk. 
Peat , 
Yarrow 
White clover 
Burnet 
Dog’s-tail 
Trefoil 
Cock’s-foot 
White clover 
Rib 
Sainfoin 
York white 
Rye 
Fox- tail 
Fescue 
Timothy, 
INSTRUMENTS AND OPERATIONS OP 
HUSBANDRY. 
The instruments used in husbandry are 
so numerous, and, under the same denomi- 
nation, often so differently constructed, w ith 
a view to varieties of the same operation, 
that it would be impossible in a sketch like 
the present to detail their structure and ap- 
plication. In the process for which they 
are respectively intended, every agriculturist 
will of course avail himself of those, the 
utility of which is best decided by expe- 
rience. 
PLOUGHING. 
In almost all lands there is a fixed depth 
for the plough to go to, which is the stratum 
between, the fertile and unfertile moulds 
