AGRICULTURE. 
Warm, Forward sands yield as great a quan- peas, cannot be extirpated without danger. 
tity of barley as of oats, and should, there- 
fore, be applied to the culture of the former, 
as generally yielding a better price. Upon 
various other soils, however, the produce 
of oats will be in considerably greater pro- 
portion than that of barley, and by supe- 
rior quantity more than compensate for 
being sold at the smaller price. To relieve 
the business of the succeeding months, oats 
may sometimes be sown in January ; with- 
out this view, however, February is pre- 
ferable . The land should have been ploughed 
in October. Six bushels per acre may be 
sown in broadcast, and on poor soils even 
eight to great advantage : the crop being 
by thick sowing several days sooner ripe, 
and the idea of saving seed with respect to 
this grain not being an object worth any 
particular attention. In the drill husbandry 
five bushels per acre are sufficient, and they 
should be horse-hoed early in the month of 
May. 
Peas are extremely ameliorating to the 
soil, and may therefore, with very great ad- 
vantage be substituted in tillage for white 
corn, a succession of which is peculiarly 
impoverishing. They should, however, not 
be sown on lands negligently prepared, as 
is too commonly done; and indeed the 
maxim cannot be too much attended to, 
with respect to grain, that none should be 
sown but on lands in really good order, 
with respect to heart, cleanness from weeds, 
and well-finished tilth. The uncertainty 
generally ascribed to this crop is to be at- 
tributed in a great degree to a neglect of 
these circumstances. At the same time, 
however, it is not meant to be asserted, 
that for all grain the preparation should be 
equally high and finished. The earlier peas 
are sown, the better they will thrive, and 
the more easily they will be moved off the 
ground in due time for turnips, a circum- 
stance of particular importance. February 
is the proper month for their being sown. 
Early peas will seldom prove beneficial upon 
wet soils, and Should be cultivated only on 
dry ones, upon sands, dry sandy loams, gra- 
vels, and chalks. The broadcast method 
should be most clearly rejected in relation 
to them. The only question is between 
drilling and dibbling them. On a ley, the lat- 
ter practice cannot be too decidedly adopt- 
ed. Put in on a layer, they do not want 
manure, which will often make them run to 
long straw, a circumstance unfavourable to 
podding, and likewise encourages weeds, 
which, in the infant stage of the growth of 
If the land be in good heart, therefore, as 
it ought to be, dung may be applied with 
much more advantage to other crops ; and 
being an article for which the farmer has, 
perhaps in all cases, a greater demand than 
he can supply, should be used with econo- 
my, and only where it is sure to answer 
best. The proper quantity of seeds to be 
applied in the drill-husbandry, in equally 
distant rows about one foot asunder, is seven 
pecks per acre. It is a judicious and valu- 
able observation, the result of long expe- 
rience^ that peas should not be sown above 
once in about ten years, being not found to 
suceeed if sown oftener. 
Beans, where the land is proper for them, 
.deserve from the farmer every attention, 
constituting one of the surest funds of pro- 
fit. He is enabled by them to lessen, if not 
absolutely explode, the practice of fallow- 
ing. When cultivated, however, with a 
view of substituting them in the room of 
fallow, drilling or dibbling must be uni- 
formly employed, so as to admit the plough 
between their rows, as no hand-work will 
sufficiently pulverize the lands for the pur- 
pose, without extreme expense. Dibbling, 
when well performed, with respect to beans, 
is an admirable method. The difficulty, 
however, of procuring it to be well done 
must be considered as no trifling objection 
to it. Beans are too often imperfectly de- 
livered by the various drill-machines em- 
ployed. On the other hand, however, the 
practice is less expensive than dibbling, and 
the seed is more surely put in to the de- 
sired depth, so that, on the whole, the 
drilling method seems preferable to that 
by dibbling. It is a point on which differ- 
ent circumstances will safely and judiciously 
lead to different conclusions, and soil, sea- 
son, dependence upon servants, together 
with other considerations, will be resorted 
to, previously to the decision upon either of 
these methods. The common little horse- 
bean lias the advantage of being more mar- 
ketable than any other. Beans thrive upon 
light loams better than has been generally 
imagined. The soils, however, generally 
applied to then- culture, are all the strong 
and heavy ones. Wherever they can be 
cultivated, the farmer ought to have them. 
They do not exhaust the soil. Wheat is pre- 
pared for by them, perhaps, better than by 
any other mode. They preserve their up- 
right attitude to the latest period, admitting 
of horse-hoeing to the very last. The ground 
is well shaded by them from the sun ; and, 
